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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Motivation
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How much effort is put fort to achieve organizational goals
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Performance
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P= Motivation x Ability x Opportunity
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Theories of Motivation
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Hedonism
(do things that we like and don't do things we don't) Learning Theory Need Theory (Environment (Person Determines determines behavior) Behavior) |
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Learning Theory Principles
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Law of Effect: Behavior a function of its consequences
Positive reinforcement and punishment Shaping |
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Learning Theory Applications
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Lotteries to reduce absenteeism
Well pay vs Sick pay Employee recognition programs |
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Cognitive Need Theory
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Lower-Order Needs (physiological, safety, etc) vs. High-Order Needs (social, esteem, self-actualization, etc.)
Extrinsic Needs (satisfied externally from the environment; ex, pay/promotion/reinforcement) vs. Intrinsic Needs (satisfied internally from self; ex, doing something meaningful and challenging) |
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Equity Theory Outcomes
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Rewards
Promotions |
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Equity Theory Inputs
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Effort
Skills, experience and knowledge |
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Equity Theory Compare Outcomes/Inputs Relative to Others
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Inequity: Under-rewarded
Inequity: Over-rewarded |
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Three Elements for Job Enrichment
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Horizontal Dimension
1.)Skill Variety 2.) Task Identity 3.) Task Significance Vertical Dimension 1.) Autonomy 2.) Self control Feedback of Results |
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Employee Involvement
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Moving DOWNWARD throughout the firm (pyramid like, from top to bottom):
1.) Power 2.) Information 3.) Skill/knowledge 4.) Rewards |
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Expectancy Theory of Motivation
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Expectancy: Belief that effort will lead to good performance
Instrumentality: Belief that good performance will lead to outcomes Valence: How much person values those outcomes |
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Expectancy Theory Chart
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Effort to Perform = (E-->P) x (P-->O) x (V)
E= Effort P= Perform O= Outcome V= Valence |
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Gainsharing
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Based on business unit performance (pay to performance; NOT at individual level)
Participative system |
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Gainsharing Payout Formula
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Performance measures: controllable costs such as labor, material
Performance baseline: Historical data or performance standards Payouts: Shared with company and Quarterly as percentage of Base Pay |
