Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the 3 segments of the book industry?
|
publisher, distributor, retailer
|
|
what are the 4c's in newspaper?
|
competition
consolidation classifieds(make up 40% of paper) credibility |
|
what is a newshole?
|
the amount of news that can be printed in one edition (online papers have no limitations)
|
|
what are the 6 features of a newspaper?
|
1. has diverse content
2. conveniently packaged 3. local (school meetings) 4. serves as a historical record 5. performs the watchdog role 6. newspapers are timely (getting news out fast) |
|
what did the john peter zenger trial symbolize?
|
symbolized blow for press freedom
|
|
what is the chief concern of a newspaper?
|
it's circulation
|
|
what ws the significance of the political press?
|
they openly supported a particular party, function, or cause
|
|
what does the first ammendment state?
|
congress shall make no law ...abridgingthe freedom oof speech or the press
|
|
what was yellow journalism?
|
a was a means where there was more aggressive reporting, new energy (popular layouts and displays),more readers
|
|
what topics were covered during yellow journalism?
|
se, murder, self-promotion, and human intrest stories
|
|
what were the four changes that the penny press brought about concerning newspapers?
|
1. the basis of economic support
2. the pattern of distribution 3. the definition of what constituted news 4. the techniques of news collection (increased it's speed) |
|
during the early 20th century, what changes occured with the newspaper?
|
-circulation and profits went up
-number of daily newspapers decreased -number of cities with competing newspapers decreased |
|
what were the reasons/cause for newspaper changes in the 20th century?
|
-cost of new technology was to expensive
-advertisers showed a preference for the paper w/ the largest circulation -consolidation had increased profits in the railroad, grocery, etc and newspapers publishers decided it could do the same for them |
|
what changes occured w/ the paper concerning the great depression?
|
1.circulation increased, but income of the indusrty decreased
2.there was an emergence of radio as a competitor for national ad. dollars |
|
what was the significance of the newspaper, "USA Today"?
|
-had splashy graghics & color
-short, easy to read stories -many graghs,charts, &tables -factiods (a list of boiled down facts..like this one) |
|
what are the 2 sources of income for a newspaper?
|
1.advertising
2.circulation |
|
what are some problems concerning circulation of papers?
|
-papers w/ small circulation have more trouble trying to attract adverisers
-price varies |
|
what is the purpose of the ABC (audit bureau of circulation)for newspapers?
|
-to establish ground rules for counting circulation, make sure rules are enforced, and provide written reports of circulation data
-audits about 3/4 0f all print media in the U.S. |
|
what did early magazine content consist of?
|
they were storehouses of varied literary materials gathered from books, pamphlets, and newspapers and bound together under one cover
|
|
what happened during the penny press era of mags. and what impact did it have?
|
-mags flourished and that was when muckraking started
-improved printing techno. -postal act of 1879 -became more specialized |
|
why was their a surge in mags.
|
-more available money
-better printing techniques -postal act 1879 (gave mags. special mailing rates) |
|
what was the significance of the muckrakers?
|
went and got info. on corrupt practices in the big buisness
|
|
what is the relationship now between the internet and the magazine?
|
experts believe that it would be diificult to launch a print mag. w/o launching a website. (they compliment each other)
|
|
what are the defining features of a magazine?
|
1.graphics/ pictures
2.specialized 3.most in tune w/ social trends 4.convenient(easy to package) |
|
what are the 2 ways to organize the mag. industry?
|
content and function
|
|
what are the 6 categories that make up the content of the mag. industry?
|
1.general consumer
2.business &trade publications 3.custom mags. 4.literary reviews/ academic journals 5.newsletters 6.public relations mags. |
|
what are the 3 functions that help classify the mag. industry?
|
-production
-distribution -retail(supermarkets) |
|
what are thee 2 types of circulation when it deals with mags.?
|
-paid: subscription
-controlled:available to certain markets |
|
what type of feedback fo mags. receive?
|
ABC (audit bureau circulation): look at statistics for mags& newsletter
|
|
what were some characteristics of the early books?
|
-sometimes on scrolls
-put together by monks -thought of as a work of art -more religious |
|
what was the significance of gutenburg's printing press concerning books?
|
the change in printing technology and the growth of literacy helped the publishing indusrty
|
|
what was the significance of the penny press era when it dealt with books?
|
-changes in the printing technology
-more focused content -cheaper -libraries started developing -more leisure time -became a status symbol |
|
what are the 2 defining features of books?
|
-least sold (mass)
-oldest form of mass media |
|
what were e- books and why didn't they take off?
|
-books online
-b/c it was hard to read online, formats weren't compatible, weren't really enough books |
|
what was the whole concept of printing on demand and it's 3 advatages?
|
u can go to the book store and get the book of choice printed in 15 min.
- adv... publishers don't have to guess how many books they should print, eliminates all expensive productions and shipping, and guarantees that no books will be returned unsold |
|
who are the audience that are considered for books?
|
-pple over 40
-pple around 25 or younger count for about 5% of the industry |
|
what are the 3 segments of the book industry?
|
publisher, retailer, and distributor
|
|
what are the 2 main channels by which books get to consumers?
|
traditional method (publishers ship books to a wholesaler where it is sent to a retail outlet for consumers)
- online booksellers (where consumer orders a book from a website and the book is shipped to them) |
|
which segment of the book industry has developed a classification system for the industry based upon the market that is served.
|
publishers
|
|
what are some examples of book retailers?
|
barnes and noble and college bookstores
|
|
what were the general features of the early newspaper?
|
-few papers
-printers and post makers did most of early publishing -news wasn't as timely -they were published only by the permission of local govt. |
|
newspapers grew during revolutionary war and most were partisan siding w/ colonies or crown. all of this prompted the beginnings of what?
|
political press
|
|
this came fromt the vortex of the debate between federalits and anti- federalists?
|
first amendment and bill of rights
|
|
what were the significant changes during the civil war time for paper?
|
-inverted pyramid was introduced
-newspapers grew faster than the population |
|
this introduced more attractive newspaper designs...?
|
yellow journalism
|
|
what changes in the paper characterize the early 20th century?
|
-newspaper chains grew quickly
-jazz journalism was introduced |
|
how were papers catergorized during jazz journalism?
|
-tabloids
-richly illustrated w/ photographs |
|
what changes occured w/ dailies and advertising during the great depression?
|
-total income of paper industry decreased
-profitable papers were unable to stay in business -the emergence of radio was a competitor for advertising dollars |
|
what were some post war chracteristics?
|
-circulation decrease in cities and big cities
-number of cities w/ competing dailies dropped -chains continued to grow |
|
what were problems with circulation concerning papers?
|
-the ratio of newspaperspers per household has declined (daily newspapers aren't keeping pace w/ overall growth of pop.)
|
|
what are the steps taken in the ABC concerning papers?
|
-publishers keep records of circulation data
-file circ. statement to ABC -ABC disseminates to clients and audits once a year |
|
when it comes to the paper, what is the audiences response?
|
-% of adults reading the paper has declined(18-44)
-print is losing readers to online |
|
what two things did mags. do during the penny press era?
|
-expanded appeal/ coverage and aimed for literate middle class
-showed the importance of women |
|
what was the impact of the mag. boom?
|
-pple started to recognize the potential for national advertising
-crusading spirit increased...muckraking came into play |
|
when it concerns mags., what were muckarakers and their significance?
|
they were mags. that published exposes and encouraged reform
|
|
what was the initial reaction of mags. concerning the internet?
|
viewed competitors w/ apprehension b/c they feared online products would take away readers and ads. revenue
|
|
what are 2 advantages and disadvantages of digital delivery?
|
-can contain audio, and video files and hyperlinks
-for publishers, it is much cheaper to deliver mags. digitally *not everyone likes to read from a screen *have to download special software |
|
what does the ABC do for the mags.?
|
gives info. on who is reading/ reports mags. average paid circulation and rate base (# of buyers guaranteed by mag &# mags. uses to compute ad. rates)
|
|
how was printing during the colonial days of the mag.?
|
early publishers functioned as printers and sometimes as authors (ben franklin was a printer -publisher)
|
|
what were 3 significant things that occured during the penny press era of books?
|
-bookreading became a symbol of education and knowledge
-# of libraries tripled -specialized books also appeared |
|
what helped fuel the paper back boom?
|
soldiers turned to reading to fill the idle time between campaigns
|