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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the 5 functions of mass communication?
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1. survellance
2. interpretation 3. linkage 4. entertainment 5. transmission of values |
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how do people use the mass media?
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1. cognition
2. diversion 3. social utility 4. withdrawal |
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what is cognition?
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the idea of makig us learn something
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what is diversion?
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a means of stimulation, relaxation, escape, and emotional release
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what is social utility?
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the idea that the media is used for conversational purposes
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what is withdrawal?
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the idea that the media puts you into another sort of dimension
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what are the 3 communication settings?
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interpersonal
machine-assisted mass communication |
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what are 5 characteristics of mass communication
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1. costs alot of money
2. involves complex organizations 3. has multiple gatekeepers 4. main goal is to make a profit 5. is highly competitive |
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what are the steps in the communication process?
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1. source
2. encoding 3. message 4. channel 5. decoding 6. receiver 7. feedback 8. noise |
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what are the 3 catergories of noise?
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1. semantic
2. mechanical 3. enviromental |
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what is the difference between the wilbert schramm model and the internet model
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wilbert schramm model can either go left or right, while the internet can go in any direction due to hyper texts
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what is noise?
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anything that interferes with the message
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what are examples of semantic noise?
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different languages, slang (soda vs. pop)
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what are examples of enviromental noise?
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shuffling of papers, sirens
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what is an example of mechanical noise?
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static on a tv
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what are the differences between the changes in the old and new tv?
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more competitive, media vehicles, profit
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what is a media vehicle?
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where something is produced to target a certain audience
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what are the 3 types of convergences?
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device
corporate operational |
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what is an example of device convergence?
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putting together the camara and the phone
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what is an example of corporate convergence?
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aol& time warner (multiple large companies)
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what is an example of operational convergence?
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a small local news station and a small local radio station. they may combine the news section
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what is functional analysis and what are its two components?
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a means of explaining how something is used....macro and micro analysis
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what are the two waysof looking at the media?
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functional and critical/cultrural approach
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what is critical/cultural approach?
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examins the underlying power relationships in media exposure and stresses the meaning and interpretations the audience finds in the media content
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what is macro- analysis?
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the idea of looking at how the media is used in society
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what is micro- analysis?
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looking at how the media is used by an individual
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micro- analysis is also known as...?
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uses and gratifications
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what is mass communication?
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refers to the process by which a complex organization w/ the aid of one or more machines produces and transmits public messgaes that are directed at a large heterogenous audience.
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what are the traditional features of mass communication?
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1. formal organizational structure )decisions made in groups)
2. many gatekeepers (the more complex the organization the more gatekeepers) 3. large operating expenses 4. competition for profits 5. highly competitive |
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the traditional mass communication is known as waht type of model?
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"push" model- the sender pushes info. to receiver
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the internet is known as what type of model?
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"pull" model... te receiver pulls only the informationthat he/she wants
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what is disintermediation?
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where access to a product or service is given directly to consumer, thus eliminating middle man (gatekeeper)
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what is a paradigm?
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a model or pattern that a person uses to analyze something (guides the way we think about the mass communication process)
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what is dysfunctions?
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harmful/negative conseuences due to the mass- communications & lack of interpersonal communications
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what are the 2 chracteristics of social utility and their function?
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1. conversational currency- using the media to provide a common ground for social conversation
2. parasocial relationships- the idea that viewers develop a kinship and friendship w/ media characters |
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what are the 3 forms of diversion and their funtion?
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1. stinulation- the idea of seeking relief from boredom
2. relaxation- escaping from the pressures of day- to - day existence. (negative overloads) 3. emotional release- releasing pent up emotion or energy (a.k.a catharsis) |
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critical/cultural approach is based on what...?
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marxism
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what is marxism? what is their belief?
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a way of looking at who controls everthing that we need to function.... beleive that the rich stay rich and the poor stay poor.
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around what year did marxism come out?
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1930/ 40's
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Frankford school came from what... what was their purpose?
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came from marxism....looked at what values to look for in the media
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what is text? polysemic? ideology? hegemony?
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text- object of analysis
polysemic- the idea that different members of the audience will make different interpretations of the same text ideology- a specific set of ideas or belief regarding social / political objects (commercials...belief that consumption is good) hegemony- has to do w/ power relationships & dominance |
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what led to an oral cultural?
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language
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info. and knowledge grew slowly around what period.
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language
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writing required what 2 things?
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needed symbols and something to write on (surface)
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when it came to symbols...what two symbols could be used in the writing period?
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graphic symbols or alphabet
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what type of surfaces are mentioned when it comes to writing ?
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clay, papyrus, parchment, or modern day paper
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who created the printing press and in what year?
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johann gutenberg...in 1453
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what was a benefit of printing?
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helped spread religion...scientist could share research
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what technology was the first to use digital technology?
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telegraph
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what were the first technologies to use electricity?
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telephone and telegraph
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this was thought of as the annihilator of time and space
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telegraph
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this changed the perception of time and space....then lead to what concept
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telephone....lead to the concept of global village
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who is matthew brady?
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the first man to take pictures of the war
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when did motion pics emerge?
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during industrialization
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the "brownie concept was created in what year ...by whom?
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1890...by george easton
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what was the benefit of of the "brownie"
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u could create family trees
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where did radio come from?
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pysisits (pyhics)
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radio was really beneficial for what war?
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WWI
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what is the 3rd largest time consumer?
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TV
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when did TV really come into play?
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during WWII
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What is digital technology?
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where info. could be stored in little pieces
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digital technology created what?...what is it?
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digital divide: who has the technology and who doesn't
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what was the first american war to be photogaphed?
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civil war
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what is the digital revolution?
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where atoms will give way to bits. (atoms: books, cassettes, etc.....bits: electronic data move @speed of light)
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what was the first device to to use the digital system to process information?
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computer
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radio was the first to do what?
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the first to bring live entertainment into the home
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what is technological determinism and global village?
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techno. determism- the belief that the technology shapes the way we think and drives historical change.
global village- the idea that u can be on one side of the world and still be able to communicate to someone else on the other side of world |
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what was signicant about the Payne Fund Studies?
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it marked the first the public had decided that the medium and motion pics. did something to society and needed examination
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what is selective retention?
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the brain retains certain info.
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what is cognitive dissonance?
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minimizing info.....ex) u are a smoker, but u cut down on the amount of info. that show anti- drug commercials. (talking ur self into something)
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what is agenda setting and who formed this theory?
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where the media sets the agenda. they tell us what to think about....McCombs
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who came up with the concept of a medium being hot or cold and what do they mean?
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marshall McCluhan....the concept is the cooler the medium the more info. u have to supply. (radio is a cool medium, while tv is a hot medium)
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what are the steps in the tuba model?
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1.(gatekeepers)source pushes out to sender
2. sender then decodes 3.then interprets 4. then encodes 5. then pushed to recevier 6. (2 step flow) feedback |
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who is the father of communications? what did he do?
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wilbert schramm... created the a model. (sender pushes messageover channel to receiver)
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