Bsci201 Lab Quiz 3

Front 1

neuroglia

Back 1

supporting cells

Front 2

Neuroglia in CNS and function of each

Back 2

astrocytes - control chemical environment around neuron
microglia - act as phagocytes for debridment
Ependymal - membrane that lines the brain and spinal cord
Oligodenrites - myelinate axon

Front 3

Neuroglia in PNS and function of each

Back 3

Schwann cells - myelinate axons
Satelite cells -

Front 4

clusters of cell bodies in the CNS

Back 4

nuclei

Front 5

clusters of cell bodies in the PNS

Back 5

ganglia

Front 6

axons running through CNS

Back 6

tracts

Front 7

axons running through PNS

Back 7

nerves

Front 8

neurofibrils

Back 8

cytoskeleton elements of the neuron that have an intracellular transport function

Front 9

nissil bodies

Back 9

specialized ER, involved in metabolic activities

Front 10

function of dendrites

Back 10

receive signals, many per neuron

Front 11

neurofibrils

Back 11

cytoskeleton elements of the neuron, intracellular transport

Front 12

what is the axonal hillcock

Back 12

where nerve impulses start

Front 13

axonal terminal

Back 13

where neurotransmitters are stored

Front 14

myelin sheath

Back 14

fatty material covering axons, insulates and increases speed of transmission

Front 15

schwann cells in depth

Back 15

wrap around the axon many times, nucleus and most cytoplasm end up in outermost portion of the concentric rings it forms

internal walls make up myelin sheath

external walls called neurilemma

Front 16

nodes of ranvier

Back 16

gaps between schwann cells, signal jumps from node to node

Front 17

Unipolar neurons

Back 17

have on extension, and conduct impulses towards the CNS

Front 18

Bipolar neurons

Back 18

one dendrite and one axon, found only by eye or olifactory cells

Front 19

Multipolar neurons

Back 19

many processes, carry impulses away from CNS

Front 20

sensory neurons

Back 20

carry impulses generated from sensory receptors in internal organs

unipolar

cell body always in PNS

Front 21

motor neurons

Back 21

impulses from CNS to organs, muscles, and glands

Front 22

associated neurons

Back 22

pathway between sensory and motor neurons

multipolar

cell body always in CNS

Front 23

structure of a nerve

Back 23

a bundle of axons wrapped in CT, extends between CNS and organs/body structure

Front 24

nerve organization

Back 24

each nerve fiber covered by endoneurium, bunch of endoneurium wrapped nerve fibers makes a fasicle, bunch of perineurium wrapped fasicles makes nerve which is wrapped by Epineurium

Front 25

2 properties of neurons

Back 25

excitability- respond to stimuli and convert to impulse

conductivity - transmit impulse

Front 26

neurons in resting potential are

Back 26

polarized

Front 27

at resting potential neuron is _ outside and _ inside with a high concentration of _ outside, and _ inside

Back 27

+ outside, - inside

Na+ outside, K+ inside

Front 28

what is the threshold stimulus, and what happens when it is reached

Back 28

the threshold stimulus is the min amount of stiulus it takes to generate an actional potential, and it is -55mV

causes sodium gates to open, Na+ enters cell causing depolarization

Front 29

action potential

Back 29

spread of depolarization down axon, all or nothing response, only occurs in one direction, causes release of neurotransmitters at axon terminal

Front 30

repolarization

Back 30

potassium channels open and potassium rushes out of the cell allow original gradient of + outside, and - inside to be restored, Na+/K+ pump reestablishes ionic concentrations

Front 31

absolute refractory period

Back 31

the time when neuron cannot be restimulated lasts from when Na+ permeability is rapidly changing and maximal till Na+ permeability is restricted

Front 32

relative refractory period

Back 32

as Na+ permeability is gradually restored back to resting levels, an especially strong stimulus can provoke another action potential

Front 33

2 major subdivisions of the PNS

Back 33

sensory portion - conducts impulses towards CNS

motor portion - conducts impulses away from CNS

Front 34

Motor arm of PNS consists of

Back 34

somatic division - voluntary (skeletal muscle)

autonomic nervous system - smooth and cardiac muscles and glands, consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic branches

Front 35

first apperance of CNS =

Back 35

neural tube

Front 36

neural tube development first 3 swellings

Back 36

1. Prosencephalon - forebrain
2. Mesencephalon - midbrain
3. Rhombencephalon - hindbrain

Front 37

5 distinct regions of neural tube after week 5

Back 37

telencephalon - cerebrum
diencephalon - thalamus, hypothalamus, retina
mesencephalon - brain stem, midbain
metencephalon - brain stem, pons (cerebellum)
myelencephalon - brain stem, medulla oblongata

Front 38

right and left hemisphere of which part of brain

Back 38

cerebrum

Front 39

right and left hemispheres separated by and connected by

Back 39

separated by logitundinal fissure, and connected by corpus callosum

Front 40

lateral ventricles separated by

Back 40

septum pellucidum membrane

Front 41

2 layers of cerebrum

Back 41

cerebral cortex, white matter

Front 42

surface of cerebrum (3 parts)

Back 42

Gyrus - elevated ridge
Sulcus - valley between gyri
Fissure - deep sulci

Front 43

anatomical 'landmarks' of cerebrum

Back 43

logitundinal fissure - seperates right and left hemispheres
central sulcus - divides frontal and parietal lobes
lateral sulcus - divides temporal and parietal lobes
parieto-occipital sulcus - seperates occipital and temporal lobes

Front 44

primary motor area of cerebrum

Back 44

precental gyrus

Front 45

somatic sensation area of brain

Back 45

postcentral gyrus

Front 46

visual area of brain

Back 46

posterior portion of occipital lobe

Front 47

olifactory area of cerebrum

Back 47

deep in the temporal lobe

Front 48

Broca's area

Back 48

base of precentral gyrus of left hemisphere, motor speech area

Front 49

Wernicke's area

Back 49

junction of the parietal and temporal lobes, unfamiliar words are sounded out here

Front 50

Prefrontal Cortex

Back 50

complex reasoning, intellect and personality

Front 51

hearing area

Back 51

temporal lobe

Front 52

taste area of brain

Back 52

post central gyrus, superior to lateral sulcus

Front 53

Diencephalon composed of

Back 53

Thalamus - relay center for sensory info
Hypothalamus - regulation of visceral activities and body functions, emotions, etc
Epithalamus - contains pineal gland and choroid plexus
Pituitary Gland - hangs by infundibulum from hypothalamus

Front 54

Brain Stem composed of

Back 54

Pons - tracts connecting brain to lower CNS
Medulla Oblongata - regulates some autonomic functions
Cerebral Peduncles - connects pons to cerebrum
Cerebral Aqueduct - connects 3rd ventricle to 4th ventricle and pathway for CSF

Front 55

Cerebellum Composed of

Back 55

Corpora Quadrigemina - composed of superior colliculi (visual reflex centers), and inferior colliculi (auditory reflex centers)

Front 56

function of cerebellum

Back 56

coordinates skeletal muscle, specializes in fine movements, helps learn new movement

Front 57

Meninges

Back 57

CT covering of brain

Front 58

outermost layer of Meninges

Back 58

Dura Matter, DBL layered, periosteal layer attached to brain

Front 59

Arachnoid matter

Back 59

directly inferior to Dura Matter, weblike, attaches to pia matter below

Front 60

Pia matter

Back 60

carries blood and nourishment, highly vascular

Front 61

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Back 61

produced by choroid plexuses (small collections of capillaries in ventricles

forms watery cushion protecting brain and spinal cord