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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Point pollution
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known source of pollution
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Non - Point polltion
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unknown source of pollution
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What are te major water Pollutants
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Acid wastes
Organic wastes Thermal Pollution Phosphates from detergents Water from Agriculture |
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Details of acid waste
Sources: Effects of land/water/ph: |
Sources:
burning coal/mining coal Effects: Acid rain which kills plants and deteriate statues fresh water ph levels drop increase bacteria and algae growth |
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Details of organic Waste
Sources: |
organic materials
livestock waste |
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BOD
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biological oxygen demand
how much disolved oxygen bacteria needs to break down materials |
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Anoxic
Hypoxic |
A - increase in o2 levels
H - decrease in 02 levels |
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Details of Phosphate pollution
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decrease o2 levels
incease bacteria/alage growth kills aquatic animals |
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Details of agriculture pollution
Comes from what: |
pesticides
fertilizers(organic and inorganic) sediment |
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Details of thermal pollution
consequences: |
change oxygen content of water
change respiratoin rates " " life cycles " " species composition stress and death to animals - Synthetic chemials - sedimentary pollution |
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Sewage treatment
Primary Sceondary Tertiary |
1st: screening out larger objects
2nd:biological process/ bacteria 3rd:clean up/through a number of techniques |
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deep injection wells
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the placement of clean water into aquifers so it can not be contaminated
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Euthrophication
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excessive growth of plants due to an excessive of nutrients in the water source
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Pollution effects on ecosystem
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euthrophication
simplified ecosystem ultimately- ocean contamination |
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Controlling air pollution
input methods: |
- filters in factories
- wet scrubbers(spray water/gas) - cyclone filters - clean air act - electrostatic precipitants |
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Controlling air pollution
output methods: |
- prevent pollution to strart
- coal to corn - cleaner fuel - use less energey - cleaner energy sources |
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characteristics of CFC's
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- coolants in AC
- aersol in detergents(spray) - bubbles in strrofoam |
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CFC
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chlorofuorocarbons
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chemistry of CFC's in stratospere
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- takes a long time to reach stratoshpere
- broken down by radiation - chlorine damages the ozone |
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Ozone holes in the poles?
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- needs cold temperatures
- alot of light - cold air trap CFC's |
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consequences of ozone decline
of UV on plants |
PLANT LIFE
- decrease biomass - disease - function controls decline - reduction in photosynthesis - shorter - |
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consequences of ozone decline
on aquatic ecosystem |
- decrease phytoplankton productivity
- base of ecosytem - major carbon sink |
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consequences of ozone decline
on animals |
- cancer in animals
- skin cancer inhumans - eye damage - 1: .5 - immune system - malonoma death rate up - genetic damagge - DNA absorb UV - amphibian mortality |
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The montreak protocol
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- voluntary stopping use of CFC's/ cutting back
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Genectic Diversity
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- # of different versions of a gene in a population
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species
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- a group or organisms capable of interbreeding and producing offspring
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speices extinction
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- 99 percent of all plantss/animals gone
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todays causes of extinction
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- habitat destruction
- pollution - foreign species - overuse of plants/animals |
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MVP
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minimum viable population
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foundation of agriculture and forestry
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- looks for plant usage for medical means
- try to preserve biodiversity |
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Source of medicine and drgus
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- 90% of all drugs use ingredients from plants
- less than 1% of plant life been thoroughly studied for medicine |
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Ecosystems services provided by biodiversity
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- soils
- vegetation - prevent erosion - prevent top soil - marshes - cleans water - remove sediment/nutrientd |
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bioremediation
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- any process that uses microorganisms, fungi, green plants or their enzymes to return the natural environment altered by contaminants to its original condition
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DNA fingerprinting
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- enzymes found natural leave evidence of life
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anthropocentric
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- nieve
- divorce selves from natural world - we are more important |
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biocentric
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- all life is important
- morally bad to kill bad to kill any species |
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Maintaining Diversity
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- legislation
- wildlife refuges |
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Saving individual species
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- gene banks
- collection of seeds - zoos - capture/breeding - botanical gardens - breed plants - aquarium - save zone for aqualife |
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how many ppl a malnurished
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1/3 to 1/2 of all ppl
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we will need ____ the earth size in 50 years
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double
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global food problems
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- population growth
- land and animal source declining (1/3) of all calories come from animals |
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the green revolution
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- using technology to increase food production
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the green revolution
1850 - 1950 |
- creation of pesticides/feritlizers to increase food production
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the green revolution
1950 - presnt |
- use of crop breeding
- reistant plants (disease) |
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the green revolution
new |
- expansion to 3rd world
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problems with the green revolution
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- expensive
- hybrids dont breed through - only grow when pesticides used properly - causes pollution - loss of biodiversitty - increase gap b/w rich and poor |
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ways to increase food production
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- green revolution
- other food sources - increase cultivated land - increase irrigated land - organic farmsing - increase ocean use |
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need for pesticides
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- extent of crop loss
- 1/3 of all food is lost to pest - 20% in U.S - vulnerable monocultures - no natural diversity - extent of use - World: 5 billion lbs - U.S: 4to6 lbs a person - aggrevaste problems |
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advantages to pesticide use
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- cheap
- kills pest - may save lives - decrease in food prices - influnce chemial companies |
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disadvantages to pesticide use
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- mobile
- broad spectrum..kills alot - genetic resistance - simplify ecosystem |
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biological magnification
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- accumulate in living organisms
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classes of pesticides
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- chlorinated hydrocarbons
- ogranophosphates - carbamates |
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bioacccumlation
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- concentration of DDT in fatty tissues
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organophosphates
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- dont break down for months
- biodegrateable |
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carbamates
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- nerve poison
- break down in days - continue to be in environment |
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pest control other than pesticides
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- biological control
- male sterilization - juvenile hormones - IPM |
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IPM
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integrated pest management
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chlorinated hydrocarbons
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- banned from U.S
- cause problems with central nervou systems |
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Primary Air Pollution
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added directly to the air
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Secondary Air Pollution
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produced by chemicals already in the atmosphere
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Natural Polluants
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volcanoes, forrest fires, pollen, black blizzards
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Anthropogenic Pollutants
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man generated/CO2- respirations
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Common secondary pollutants
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Smog
Ozone |
