Bsc150; Week 10

Front 1

Define: RHETORIC

Back 1

Rhetoric is the art of eloquent language (written or spoken) to form arguments that convince. There may be components of pathos, logos and ethos in such arguments.

Front 2

Define: 'ARGUMENT'

Back 2

Argument is the content of your speech - a string of propositions (statements) intended to establish a conclusion.

Front 3

Define: LOGOS

Back 3

Logos - appealing to the audience’s logical reasoning

Front 4

Define: PATHOS

Back 4

Pathos - appealing to the audience’s emotions

Front 5

Define: ETHOS

Back 5

ETHOS - appealing to values, character & culture.

Front 6

Define: VALIDITY

Back 6

Validity is about the necessary connection between the premises and the conclusion.

It’s important to understand that validity is NOT about the truth of the conclusion.

Front 7

Define: LOGICAL FALLACY

Back 7

A logical fallacy is a faulty argument based on flawed logic.

Front 8

How can an argument be classified as SOUND?

Back 8

To be sound, an argument has to be valid and all the premises must be true.

Front 9

What are 3 common logical falacies?

Back 9

3 common logical fallacies are:

1. Slippery Slope

2. Equivocation

3. Hasty Generalisation

Front 10

Define: SLIPPERY SLOPE (logical fallacy)

Back 10

Slippery Slope: suggests that if one step is taken, that will inevitably lead to similar steps or actions, in a downhill walk that will end in disaster. (association does not prove causality)

Front 11

Define: EQUIVOCATION (logical fallacy)

Back 11

Equivocation: in which a key word shifts its meaning during the course of the argument, so the premises are about something different to the conclusion. “Only man is rational. No woman is a man. Therefore, no woman is rational.” (man meaning mankind)

Front 12

Define: HASTY GENERALISATION (logical fallacy)

Back 12

Hasty Generalisation: bases a claim on too small a sample (or an unrepresentative sample). Often only one example is used for the broadest generalisation. “All of these movie stars are really rude. The other day I asked Kevin Costner for his autograph in a restaurant, and he told me to get lost!”

Front 13

Define: SYNTHESISE

Back 13

To synthesise is to build something up out of constituents to make a new whole.

E.g. we synthesise new medicines, new music, new materials, new theoretical models etc.

Front 14

Define: ANALYSE

Back 14

To analyse means to break something down into smaller pieces.

Front 15

Can CREATIVITY be learned?

Back 15

Yes, creativity is something that can be learned, or at least encouraged.

Front 16

Thoughts of DAVID JONES on creativity/the creative mine?

Back 16

Science journalist David Jones (2011) simplifies the creative mind into three parts: the Observer-Reasoner in the conscious mind, the Censor in the subconscious mind, and the Random Ideas-Generator (RIG) in the unconscious mind.

David Jones also suggests that creativity is enhanced by greater knowledge (and experience through life experiences, reading, practicing curiosity, and constant observation).