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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WHERE ARE 70% OF ALL SENSORY RECEPTORS LOCATED
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IN THE EYE
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WHAT IS MOST OF THE EYE PROTECTED BY
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A CUSHION OF FAT AND THE BONY ORBIT
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WHAT ARE THE ACCESSORY STRUCTURES OF THE EYE
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EYEBROWS
EYELIDS CONJUNCTIVA LACRIMAL APPARATUS EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLES |
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WHAT IS THE CONJUNCTIVA
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MEMBRANE THAT COVERS THE INNER SURFACE OF THE EYELID
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WHAT IS THE LACRIMAL APPARATUS
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CONTAINS THE ORBITAL STRUCTURES FOR TEAR PRODUCTION AND DRAINAGE
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WHAT DO THE EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLES DO
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ANY OF THE 6 SMALL MUSCLES THAT CONTROL THE VERTICAL, HORIZONTAL, AND ROTATING MOVEMENTS OF THE EYEBALL
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WHAT ARE THE EYEBROWS
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COARSE HAIRS THAT OVERLIE THE SUPRAORBITAL MARGINS
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WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE EYEBROWS
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SHADING THE EYE AND PREVENTING PERSPIRATION FROM REACHING THE EYE
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WHERE ARE 70% OF ALL SENSORY RECEPTORS LOCATED
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IN THE EYE
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WHAT IS MOST OF THE EYE PROTECTED BY
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A CUSHION OF FAT AND THE BONY ORBIT
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WHAT ARE THE ACCESSORY STRUCTURES OF THE EYE
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EYEBROWS
EYELIDS CONJUNCTIVA LACRIMAL APPARATUS EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLES |
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WHAT IS THE CONJUNCTIVA
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MEMBRANE THAT COVERS THE INNER SURFACE OF THE EYELID
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WHAT IS THE LACRIMAL APPARATUS
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CONTAINS THE ORBITAL STRUCTURES FOR TEAR PRODUCTION AND DRAINAGE
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WHAT DO THE EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLES DO
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ANY OF THE 6 SMALL MUSCLES THAT CONTROL THE VERTICAL, HORIZONTAL, AND ROTATING MOVEMENTS OF THE EYEBALL
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WHAT ARE THE EYEBROWS
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COARSE HAIRS THAT OVERLIE THE SUPRAORBITAL MARGINS
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WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE EYEBROWS
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SHADING THE EYE AND PREVENTING PERSPIRATION FROM REACHING THE EYE
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WHAT IS THE ORBICULARIS MUSCLE
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IT IS A MUSCLE THAT HELPS CLOSE THE EYELID AND DEPRESSES THE EYEBROWS
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WHAT IS THE CORRUGATOR
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MUSCLE THAT MOVES THE EYEBROWS DOWNWARD AND MEDIALWARD, AND PRODUCES VERTICAL WRINKLES IN THE FOREHEAD
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WHAT ARE THE PALPEBRAE
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EYELIDS
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WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE PALPEBRAE (EYELIDS)
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THEY PROTECT THE EYE ANTERIORLY
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WHAT IS THE PALPEBRAL FISSURE
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IT SEPARATES THE EYELIDS
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What is the Canthus?
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it is either corner of the eye where the upper and lower eyelids meet.
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what do tears contain?
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mucus, antibodies, and lysozyme
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The fibrous tunic is?
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the sclera, which protects the eye and anchors the extrinsic muscles and the cornea, which allows light to enter the eye
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The vascular tunic is?
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the choroid region which includes the choroid, ciliary body, and iris
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what is the choroid region
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a dark brown membrane that forms the posterior portion of the vascular layer and supplies blood to all eye tunics
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rods
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respond to dim light and are used for peripheral vision
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the neural retina receives its blood supply from
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the choroid and the central artery and vein
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When is light refracted
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at the cornea
entering the lens leaving the lens |
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Emmertropic eye
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normal eye with light focused properly
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myopic eye (nearsighted)
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the focal point is in front of the retina
corrected with a concave lens |
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hyperopic eye (farsighted)
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the focal point is behind the retina
corrected with a convex lens |
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what is convergence
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medial rotation of the eyeballs toward the object being viewed
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Melatonin does what?
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Mediates papillary light reflexes, and sets daily biorhythms
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Visual Pathway
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some nerve fibers send tracts to the midbrain ending in the superior colliculi
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3D vision results from
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cortical fusion of the slightly different images
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Thalamic Processing
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relays info on movement
segregates retinal axons in preparation for depth perception emphasize visual inputs from regions of high cone density sharpens the contrast info received by the retina |
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Striate cortex processes
Cortical Processing |
process's basic dark/bright and contrast info
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Pestriate cortices (association areas) processes
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form, color, and movement
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Where are basal cells located
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they lie at the base of the epithelium
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Olfactroy Receptor cells
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are bipolar neurons with radiating olfactory cilia
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cAMP
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the 2nd smell messenger that allows faint smells to be smelled more clearly
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glomerular mitral cells
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process odor signals
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Olfactory receptor cells
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synapse with mitral cells
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Mitral cells
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send impulses to the olfactory cortex and the
hypothalamus, amygdala, and limbic system |
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Supporting cells of taste buds
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insulate the receptor
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cAMP
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the 2nd smell messenger that allows faint smells to be smelled more clearly
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glomerular mitral cells
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process odor signals
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Olfactory receptor cells
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synapse with mitral cells
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Mitral cells
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send impulses to the olfactory cortex and the
hypothalamus, amygdala, and limbic system |
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Supporting cells of taste buds
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insulate the receptor
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cAMP
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the 2nd smell messenger that allows faint smells to be smelled more clearly
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glomerular mitral cells
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process odor signals
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Olfactory receptor cells
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synapse with mitral cells
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Mitral cells
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send impulses to the olfactory cortex and the
hypothalamus, amygdala, and limbic system |
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Supporting cells of taste buds
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insulate the receptor
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gustatory pathway
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CN VII and IX carry impulses from taste buds tot he solitary nucleus of the medulla
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Gustatory pathway
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cranial nerves VII and IX to medulla to thalamus and impulses branch off to the gustatory cortex, hypothalamus and limbic system
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taste
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80% smell
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Outer and middle ear
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involved with hearing
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inner ear
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involves hearing and equilibrium
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auricle is composed of
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the helix and lobule
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External auditory canal
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short, curved tube filled with ceruminous glands
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tympanic membrane
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transfers sound energy to the middle ear ossicles
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Epitympanic recess
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superior portion of the middle ear
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Ear Ossicles
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transmit vibratory of the eardrum to the oval window
Dampened by the tensor tympani and stapedius muscles |
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suspended in the vestibules perilymph are 2 sacs
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saccule
utricle |
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saccule
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extends into the cochlea
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utricle
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extends into the semicircular canals
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the saccule and utricle
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house equilibrium receptors called maculae
respond to gravity and changes in the position of the head |
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Crista Ampullaris
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region in semicircular canals where equilibrium receptors are housed
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what is the organ of Corti
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hearing receptor
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scala tympani
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terminates at the round window
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scala media
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is filled withendolymph
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sound and mechanisms of hearing
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sound vibrations beat against the eardrum
the ear drum pushes against the ossicles, which presses fluid in the inner ear against the oval and round windows |
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Tinnitus
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ringing ro clicking sound in the ears in the absence of auditory stimuli
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Meniere's syndrome
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labyrinth disorder that affects the cochlea and the semicircular canals, causing vertigo, nausea, and vomiting
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semicircular canal receptors
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monitor dynamic equilibrium
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vestibular receptors
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monitor static equilibrium
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Utricular hairs
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respond to horizontal movement
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Saccular hairs respond to
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vertical movement
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Utricular hairs respond to
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horizontal movement
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Saccular hairs respond to
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vertical movement
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crista ampullaris
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is the receptor for dynamic equilbrium
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3 modes for balance and orientation
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vestibular receptors
visual receptors somatic receptors |
