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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In most cases, it would be accurate to saythat bacterial genomes evolve to be more _____________, while eukaryoticgenomes have evolved to be more ______________.
a) streamlined, bulky b) bulky, streamlined c) bulky, bulky d)streamlined, streamlined |
streamlined, bulky |
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At what stage of meiosis do sister chromatidsseparate?
a) metaphase of Meiosis I b) metaphase of Meiosis II c) anaphase of Meiosis II d) anaphase of Meiosis I |
anaphase of meiosis II |
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A region of DNA downstream of the promoterthat can be bound by regulatory proteins is called what?
a) initiation codon b) anticodon c) operator d) producer |
operator |
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Where would you expect to find Okazaki fragments during replication?
a) along the entire length of one strand of DNA in a double stranded moleculeb) on the leading strand of a replication forkc) on both strands of a single replication fork d) on the lagging strand of a replication fork |
on the lagging strand of a replication fork |
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Approximately what percentage of the human genome encodes mRNA sequences that are found in protein sequences?
a) less than 10% b) 30-40% c) 65-75% d) 76-85% |
less than 10% |
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Prokaryotes tend to regulate multiple genes involved in the same process by _________.
a) lining them one after the other with a single promoter b) separating them, but having similar promoters and control elements c) putting them on similar positions of different chromosomes d) putting them near origins of replication |
lining them one after the other with a single promoter |
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Which of thefollowing statements is NOT true with respect to meiosis I?
a) Meosis I begins with diploid cellsand ends with haploid cells b) homologous chromosomes are separatedduring meiosis I c) tetrad formation and crossing overoccur during meiosis I d) sister chromatids are separatedduring meiosis I |
sister chromatids are separated during meiosis I |
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What is the optimal sequence for aprokaryotic –10 promoter region?
a) GAGGCC b) TATAAT c) CCGCAC d) AUG |
TATAAT |
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The primers used by DNA Polymerase to initiate replication prior to cell division are made of what molecule? a) DNA b) RNA c) protein d) phospholipid |
RNA |
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In what phase of the cell cycle would you expect DNA polymerase to be most active?
a) M phase b) G1 c) S phase d) G2 |
S phase |
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How does translationinitiation occur?
a) mRNA adheres to large ribosomalsubunit b) asparagines tRNA binds to small andlarge ribosomal subunit c) mRNAand methionine tRNA bind to small ribosomal subunit d) initiation factor binds to A site oflarge ribosomal subunit |
mRNA and methionine tRNA bind to small ribosomal subunit |
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What is it called when a heterozygote for a trait exhibits a phenotype half-way between the dominant and recessive phenotype, such as a red and a white parent having pink offspring?
a) complete dominance b) incomplete dominance c) epistasis d) linkage |
incomplete dominance |
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In the regulation of the lac operon, you would expect to see the highest levels of transcription of the genes under which condition?
a) low glucose, low lactose b) high glucose, low lactose c) high glucose, high lactose d) low glucose, high lactose |
low glucose, high lactose |
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What is a codon?
a) the sequence of an entire tRNA molecule b) a specific region on a tRNA molecule c) three nucleotides on a mRNA molecule encoding an amino acid d) the AT rich region on RNA that allows folding around a ribosome |
three nucleotides on a mRNA molecule encoding an amino acid |
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Followingfertilization of an egg, the human zygote develops into a fully formed fetusby…? a) mitosis only
b) meiosis only c) both mitosis and meiosis d) neithermitosis nor meiosis |
mitosis only |
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Which of the following statements is true with respect to regulation of gene expression?
a) regulation only occurs at the level of initiation of transcription b) regulation only occurs at the level of initiation of translation c) regulation only occurs at the level of mRNA processing d) regulation may occur at multiple steps during gene expression |
regulation may occur at multiple steps during gene expression |
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Which of the following statements is true with respect to initiation of transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
a) prokaryotes attract RNA polymerase largely by DNA sequences in the promoter while eukaryotes build a complex structure of proteins that attracts RNA polymerase to the promoter b) eukaryotes attract RNA polymerase largely by DNA sequences in the promoter while prokaryotes build a complex structure of proteins that attracts RNA polymerase to the promoter c) prokaryotes attract RNA polymerase largely by DNA sequences in the promoter while eukaryotes build a complex structure of rRNA that attracts RNA polymerase to the promote d) eukaryotes attract RNA polymerase largely by DNA sequences in the promoter while prokaryotes build a complex structure of tRNA that attracts RNA polymerase to the promoter |
prokaryotes attract RNA polymerase largely by DNA sequence in the promoter while eukaryotes build a complex structure of proteins that attract RNA polymerase to the promoter |
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DNA proofreading function following replication uses which of the following features to check for mismatched pairs?
a) constant width between paired bases b) GC content c) direction of helical turn d) AT content |
constant width between paired bases |
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A population of moths reaches equilibrium with the gene frequencies of the dominant and recessive alleles at 0.60 and 0.40 respectively. A change in the environment results in moths exhibiting the recessive phenotype mating at only 80% the success rate of those with the dominant phenotype. After one generation of these conditions, approximately what will the allele frequency of the dominant allele become?a) 0.70 b) 0.62 c) 0.58 d) 0.67
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0.62 |
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Which of thefollowing statements best describes the cells found at the end of Meosis I.
a) haploid with unreplicated chromosomes b) haploid with replcated chromosomes c) diploid with unreplicated chromosomes d) diploid with replicated chromosomes |
haploid with replicated chromosomes |
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tRNA molecules are stabilized with mRNA in the ribosome by ______________
a) covalent bond between 3’ end of mRNA to 5’ end of tRNA b) covalent bond between 5’ end of mRNA to 3’ end of tRNA c) hydrogen bonds between the codon on mRNA and anticodon on tRNA d) covalent bond between the amino acid on the tRNA and the codon of the mRNA |
hydrogen bonds between the codon on the mRNA and anticodon on tRNA |
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How do prokaryotes facilitate transcription termination?
a) formation of hairpin loop structure in the RNA causes RNA Polymerase to halt transcription b) formation of protein termination complex causes RNA Polymerase to halt transcription c) binding of the termination factor causes RNA Polymerase to halt transcription d) when the RNA polymerase comes upon a stop codon it will stop transcription |
formation of hairpin loop structure in the RNA causes RNA polymerase to halt transcription |
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A sex-linkedrecessive disease would exhibit which pattern of inheritance?
a) equally common among males andfemalesb) only present in females c) more common in females, but presentin males d) morecommon in males, but present in females |
more common in males, but present in females |
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In a population of fish 16% of the individuals exhibit the recessive phenotype for tail shape. What percentage of the population will be heterozygotes for this trait?
a) 18% b) 36% c) 42% d) 48% |
48% |
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In DNA replication, which specific molecule synthesizes the vast majority of new DNA?
a) DNA Polymerase I b) primase c) helicase d) DNA Polymerase III |
DNA polymerase III |
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In metaphase ofmitosis you would expect to see chromosomes in which form?
a) unreplicated and diffuse b) unreplicated and condensed c) replicated and diffuse d) replicated and condensed |
replicated and condensed |
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Typically, how will genes encoding proteins involved in an anabolic process will be regulated?
a) the accumulation of the starting substrate will induce expression of the genes b) the accumulation of the starting substrate will repress expression of the genes c) the accumulation of the end product will induce expression of the genes d) the accumulation of the end product will repress expression of the genes |
the accumulation of the end product will repress expression of the genes |
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What structure would you expect to find at the P site during elongation in translation?
a) tRNA bound to methyl group b) tRNA bound to growing protein c) tRNA bound to single amino acid d) termination factor |
tRNA bound to growing protein |
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At what stage of meiosis do tetrads form?
a) telophase of Meiosis I b) telophase of Meiosis II c) anaphase of Meiosis II d) prophase of Meiosis I |
prophase of Meiosis I |
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Which form of horizontal transmission requires the formation of thin tube called a pilus?
a) transformation b) transfection c) transposition d) conjugation |
conjugation |
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In animals, which specific type of cells are produced by meiosis?
a) gametes b) somatic cells c) guard cells d) neurons |
gametes |
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In a population of squirrels 75% of the individuals exhibit the dominant phenotype for coat color. What is the allele frequency of the recessive allele?
a) 0.75 b) 1.0 c) 0.5 d) 0.3 |
0.5 |
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Which of the following is NOT true about the X chromosome in humans?
a) It only contains genes that are involved in sex determination b) It is much larger than the Y chromosome c) It may be inactivated in cells with more than one X chromosome d) It is present in both males and females. |
it only contains genes that are not involved in sex determination |
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In RNA modification in eukaryotes, what structure is added to the 3’ of mRNA?
a) modified cap b) acetylated histones c) methyl groups d) poly A tail |
poly A tail |
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What is the name of the regions of RNA removed during splicing?
a) Exons b) Introns c) histones d) capase |
introns |
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In mitois, chromosomes separate by which specific mechanism?
a) centrioles begin to shorten microtubules by degrading them b) centrioles begin to shorten microfilaments by degrading them c) kinetichore begins to shorten microtubules by degrading them d) microfilaments begin to bow in the middle drawing chromosomes apart |
kinetichore begins to shorten microtubules by degrading them |
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How are tRNA molecules attached to the appropriate amino acids?
a) once the tRNA is in the ribosome the appropriate amino acid binds it b) tRNA polymerase synthesizes the RNA molecule around the amino acid c) an enzyme specific for each amino acid located in the cytoplasm combines them d) tRNA has catalytic properties that performs the reaction |
an enzyme specific for each amino acid located in the cytoplasm combines them |
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Translation will always begin where with respect to the mRNA molecule?
a) the first nucleotide of the mRNA molecule b) the third nucleotide of the mRNA molecule c) the first cytosine of mRNA molecule d) the first start codon after a ribosomal binding site |
the first start codon after a ribosomal binding site |
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In Mendel’s original experiment crossing different true-breeding lines, the F1 generation always exhibited which phenotype?
a) all were dominant b) all were recessive c) dominant to recessive at 3:1 ratio d) dominant to recessive at 1:1 ratio |
all were dominant |
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In transcription, the polymerase enzyme moves along the template DNA strand in a __________________ direction, and the newly synthesized RNA molecule grows in a ______________ direction.
a) 5’ to 3’ ; 5’ to 3’ b) 5’ to 3’ ; 3’ to 5’ c) 3’ to 5’ ; 3’ to 5’ d) 3’ to 5’ ; 5’ to 3’ |
3' to 5' ; 5' to 3' |
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In DNA replication, the DNA polymerase enzyme moves along the template strand in a __________________ direction, and the newly synthesized strand grows in a ______________ direction.
a) 5’ to 3’ ; 5’ to 3’ b) 5’ to 3’ ; 3’ to 5’ c) 3’ to 5’ ; 3’ to 5’ d) 3’ to 5’ ; 5’ to 3’ |
3' to 5' ; 5' to 3' |
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Various forms of the same gene are called…?
a) alleles b) locus c) meiocytes d) telomeres |
alleles |
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In mitosis, during which phase do centromeres split and chromosomes begin to pull apart?
a) anaphase b) metaphase c) prometaphase d) telophase |
anaphase |
