Bryan - Syspath 2 - Avian Pathology - Winter 2Nd Year

Front 1

Which bones constitute the foramen triosseum in birds? What fourth bone rounds-out the pectoral girdle?

Back 1

Humerus
Scapula
Coracoid
(add clavicle for girdle)

Front 2

Which vertebrae are fused in the bird?

Back 2

T2-T5;
T6-L7

Front 3

How many cervical vertebrae do birds have?

Back 3

variable (11 to 25)

Front 4

What is the fastest growing bone in the bird body?

Back 4

Tibiotarsal bone

Front 5

Which joint is a major stress point of the bird?

Back 5

Intertarsal joint

Front 6

What are the two categories of birds? Which has a keel?

Back 6

Rattites and Carinate (keeled)

Front 7

Which birds are found in the rattite group?

Back 7

Kiwi, Ostrich, Emu, Cassowary, and Rhea (and Moa

Front 8

Where is most avian respiratory pathology located?

Back 8

Dorsoposterior (due to gravity)

Front 9

Which bird group has extensive cervical air sacs?

Back 9

Parrots

Front 10

What is weird about bird heart valves?

Back 10

Right AV valve is muscular

Front 11

What is weird about the avian hematopoetic system?

Back 11

NO LYMPH NODES (except for ducks and geese)

Front 12

What happens in birds if their urinary system malfunctions?

Back 12

Gout! (uric acid buildup)

Front 13

Which birds don't have crops?

Back 13

Owls; fish eating birds

Front 14

Ovary is on the ________ side in birds.

Back 14

LEFT

Front 15

T or F:
Birds have no diaphragm to divide their thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Back 15

Bad question!
They have no diaphragm AND have no abdominal or thoracic cavities! They just have a coelomic cavity!

Front 16

Characterize the avian inflammatory response.

Back 16

Intense granulomatous reaction (within 12h);
Basophils NOT eosinophils involved in acute response

Front 17

What is a common pathogen affecting the skin of birds?

Back 17

Pox viruses

Front 18

Fowl Cholera is caused by...

Back 18

Pasturella multocida

Front 19

What is an important rule-out for Newcastle Disease?

Back 19

Fowl Cholera (P. multocida)

Front 20

Which respiratory disease is caused by a herpesvirus, is reportable in some states, and mainly affects young chickens with up to 50% mortality?

Back 20

Infectious laryngotrachitis

Front 21

What is a major cause of fungal pneumonia in birds?

Back 21

Aspergillus spp.

Front 22

Infectious bursal disease is caused by which viral family?

Back 22

Birnavirus

Front 23

What viral family causes Marek's disease?

Back 23

Herpesvirus

Front 24

What are two categories of lymphoid neoplasia in chickens? What causes each?

Back 24

Marek's disease (herpesvirus)
Lymphoid leukosis (retrovirus)

Front 25

Lymphoid leukosis causes a ____ cell neoplasm while Marek's disease causes a ________ cell neoplasm.

Back 25

B for Lymphoid;
T for Marek's

Front 26

What are important protozoal diseases of chickens?

Back 26

Coccidiosis (esp. Eimeria spp.);
Histomoniasis (black-head)

Front 27

What causes hemorrhage and/or fibrin exudates of the cecum or small intestine?

Back 27

Coccidiosis
E. tenella (cecum)
E. necatrix (small intestine)

Front 28

Black head is caused by...

Back 28

Histomonas infections

Front 29

What are lesions found in histomoniasis in chickens?

Back 29

Black head;
Enteritis (typhlitis and fibrin casts)
Target lesions in the liver

Front 30

How is histomoniasis transmitted?

Back 30

Round worms transmit the protozoans

Front 31

Slippage of the gastrocnemius is called...

Back 31

...Perosis

Front 32

What is a common condition in laying hens?

Back 32

Hepatic lipidosis;
also carcinomatosis

Front 33

Failure of cartilage resorbtion can cause...

Back 33

...Tibial dyschondroplasia

Front 34

What are the two most important causes of mortality in baby chicks?

Back 34

Retarded and don't know how to eat and then starve
Yolk sac infections

Front 35

What is a common condition in fast growing chickens? What exacerbates this?

Back 35

ASCITES SYNDROME
R-sided heart failure when put on weight too fast;
Exacerbated by high altitude (low pressure and O2)

Front 36

What is an important rule-out in diagnosing carcinomatosis in old laying hens?

Back 36

Avian tuberculosis

Front 37

Fowl plague is known as...

Back 37

avian influenza

Front 38

What viral family causes avian flu? What is the reservoir?

Back 38

Orthomyxoviridae:
Waterfowl reservoir

Front 39

What is the major clinical sign of HPAI? What is a great place to spread avian influenza?

Back 39

Respiratory distress;
spread in bird markets!

Front 40

What are gross lesions found with HPAI?

Back 40

Necrosis of cecal tonsils
Cyanosis of extremities
Hemorrhage in duodenum

Front 41

What are important differentials when considering HPAI?

Back 41

Newcastle disease
Fowl cholera
Infectious laryngotracheitis
Other respiratory diseases

Front 42

How can HPAI diagnosis be confirmed? Is this a reportable disease?

Back 42

Yes its reportable, dumbass!
COnfirm via pcr of serum, tracheal or cloacal swabs.
Histo of tissues too.

Front 43

What are some important causes of oral and crop lesions (white to yellow plaques) in birds?

Back 43

Infectious laryngotracheitis
Fowl pox
Thrush (candidiasis)
Trichomoniasis
Salmenellosis
Capillaria
Hypovitaminosis A (squamous metaplasia)

Front 44

Bumblefoot is caused by...

Back 44

Staph aureus infection

Front 45

What causes psitticosis in humans?

Back 45

Chlamydia

Front 46

What are lesions associated with avian chlamydophilosis?

Back 46

Fibrin on liver
lung hemorrhage
perhaps necrosis of liver

Front 47

How can chlamydophilosis be diagnosed histologically? Clinically?

Back 47

Positive acid-fast stain shows organisms in cytoplasm;
Clinical tests include PCR and ELISA

Front 48

What avian multisystemic disease is caused by a herpesvirus? How is it transmitted?

Back 48

Pacheco's disease;
orofecal transmission

Front 49

How can Pacheco disease be treated? How can it be diagnosed?

Back 49

Acyclovir and quarantine;
dx via PCR, pharyngeal or cloacal swabs

Front 50

Which highly fatal viral disease is seen just prior to fledgling?

Back 50

Avian polyoma virus

Front 51

What are two avian diseases spread via feather dander?

Back 51

Marek's Disease
Beak and Feather Disease

Front 52

Beak and Feather Syndrome is caused by which family of virus?

Back 52

Circovirus

Front 53

Which bird species is most affected by beak and feather syndrome? When does it usually strike?

Back 53

Cockatoos;
usually <3yrs

Front 54

Macaw wasting disease is also known as....
What causes this disease?

Back 54

Proventricular dilation syndrome;
caused by a Bornavirus

Front 55

What is the pathogenesis of Macaw wasting syndrome?

Back 55

Bornavirus attacks sympathetic nervous system, causes proventricular ileus (dilation)

Front 56

Which avian viral diseases are characterized by a lymphocytic proliferation of nervous tissue? What viral familes are these from?

Back 56

Proventricular dilation syndrome (bornavirus)
Marek's disease (herpesvirus)

Front 57

What is the cause of scaly face? How is it treated?

Back 57

Knemidocoptes mutans (mites);
Treat w/ivermectin

Front 58

What is a major cause of lameness in budgies?

Back 58

Renal carcinomas (push on nerve roots)

Front 59

Budgies get lots of neoplasms. What are they commonly?

Back 59

Lipomas
Renal carcinomas
Pituitary adenomas

Front 60

Oral or cloacal lesions on an Amazon are usually...

Back 60

Papillomas

Front 61

What virus family is responsible for Newcastle Disease?

Back 61

Paramyxovirus

Front 62

Which avian viral diseases may exhibit neurotropisms? What family for each?

Back 62

Newcastle disease (Paramyxovirus);
Proventricular Dilation syndrome (Bornavirus);
Pacheco's Disease (herpesvirus)
Avian flu (Orthomyxovirus);
Mareck's dz (Herpesvirus)

Front 63

What are major routes of Newcastle disease transmission?

Back 63

Direct contact (feces/respiratory);
Fomites

Front 64

T or F:
Newcastle disease causes no disease in humans.

Back 64

False!
Causes conjunctivitis and mild respiratory disease.

Front 65

Newcastle disease signs resemble what other viral disease?

Back 65

Avian flu

Front 66

What are the three types of newcastle disease and what are the characterics of each?

Back 66

Neurogenic (paralysis, torticollis, opisthotonus, depression)
Viscerotropic (conjunctivitis, coughing, gasping)
Lentogenic (long incubation)

Front 67

T or F:
Respiratory signs of Newcastle disease are often more pronounced in poultry as compared to psittacines.

Back 67

True!

Front 68

What are some gross lesions of Newcastle disease?

Back 68

Often none (esp. if neurotropic);
Hemorrhages anywhere in GI tract or trachea (cecal tonsils)

Front 69

What samples are taken to diagnose Newcastle disease?

Back 69

Tracheal/cloacal swabs
Lung
Spleen
Brain

Front 70

What are some differentials for Newcastle disease?

Back 70

Fowl cholera
Avian flu
ILT
Fowl pox
Pacheco's disease
Chlamydophilosis
Also cormorant paramyxovirus in Oregon

Front 71

What oral med should be given to this poor kid?

Back 71

Ivermectin! Treats the mites in scaly face!

Front 72

Family of virus causing this disease?

Back 72

Circovirus (Beak and Feather Disease)

Front 73

Diagnosis?

Back 73

Sarcocystis

Front 74

Causative agent?

Back 74

Staph aureus (bumblefoot)

Front 75

Differentials?

Back 75

Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT)
Fowl pox
Candidiasis (thrush)
Salmenellosis

Front 76

What are these lesions indicative of?

Back 76

Avian flu (also rule-out Newcastle dz)

Front 77

What is the oncogenic virus family responsible for lymphoid leukosis and avian myelocytomatosis?

Back 77

Retroviruses

Front 78

What are the three forms of gout in birds?

Back 78

Visceral
Renal
Joint

Front 79

What can cause typhlitis and hepatitis in some birds?

Back 79

Histomonas

Front 80

Common term for psittacine disease caused by herpes virus and typically features multifocal hepatic necrosis.

Back 80

Pacheco's disease

Front 81

What are two important differentials for hemorrhagic enteritis in birds?

Back 81

HPAI
Newcastle disease

Front 82

What gives with this bird heart?

Back 82

Visceral gout

Front 83

Oooooooooh-wheeeeeeee......what up with that?

Back 83

Mycoplasm infection

Front 84

Disease?

Back 84

Fowl pox