Bryan - Sa Surgery - Body Cavities, Hernias, Cardiac, And Spleen - Fall 3Rd Year

Front 1

What are some indications for the flank approach to the abdomen?

Back 1

OVH
Gastrotomy tube placement
Gastric decompression

Front 2

What are some indications for a paracostal approach to the abdomen?

Back 2

Adrenalectomies
Gastropexy

Front 3

What are the two major approaches to the thorax?

Back 3

Median sternotomy
Intercostal thoracotomy (+/- rib resection)

Front 4

The intercostal artery, vein, and nerve run on the ___________ aspect of each rib.

Back 4

CAUDAL

Front 5

Which muscles must be incised when performing a thoracotomy in ICS 4?

Back 5

Latissimus dorsi
Serratus ventralis
Scalenus
External and internal intercostal

Front 6

The hilus is located at intercostal space # _______.

Back 6

#5

Front 7

Why are sutures pre-placed when closing a thoracotomy?

Back 7

To prevent grabbing a bite of the lung, pericardium, heart, or other stuff in there.

Front 8

What is a hernia?

Back 8

Protrusion of an organ or a part through a defect in the wall of the anatomical cavity in which it lies

Front 9

What are the parts of a hernia? How can you tell if the hernia is congenital or not?

Back 9

Hernia ring and hernia sac.
Sac includes mesothelial covering if congenital.

Front 10

What are the four manners in which a hernia is classified?

Back 10

Anatomical location
Congenital vs. acquired
Reducibility
Contents

Front 11

A non reducible hernia is...

Back 11

...incarcerated

Front 12

What is the most common hernia in small animals? Should you breed animals with this hernia?

Back 12

Umbilical hernia
Don't breed (genetic)

Front 13

What are two methods of acquiring an umbilical hernia?

Back 13

Excessive traction on umbilicus.
Cutting umbilicus too short.

Front 14

What other defects may be associated with an umbilical hernia?

Back 14

Cryptorchidism
PSS
Imperforate anus
Hypospadia

Front 15

T or F:
Acquired and congenital inguinal hernias are more common in males than in females.

Back 15

False!
Congenital (males > females)
Acquired (females > males)

Front 16

Which abdominal hernia should be repaired ASAP?

Back 16

Scrotal hernia (high potential for strangulation)

Front 17

Which abdominal hernias generally have a traumatic etiology?

Back 17

Inguinal
Prepubic
Paracostal (cats)

Front 18

What are the borders for the internal inguinal ring?

Back 18

Medial (rectus abdominus)
Cranial (internal abd. oblique)
Lateral/caudal (inguinal ligament)

Front 19

Which abdominal hernias are generally heritable?

Back 19

Inguinal
Umbilical

Front 20

What are common causes of a pericardioperitoneal diaphragmatic hernia?
a) trauma
b) inherited
c) congenital

Back 20

c) ONLY CONGENITAL!

Front 21

What is the most common type of hiatal hernia? Which dog breed is this common in?

Back 21

Sliding hiatal hernia; common in Shar Pei

Front 22

How does the diaphragmatic tear occur leading to a traumatic diaphragmatic hernia? Which side most commonly tears and why?

Back 22

Blunt trauma + closed glottis; Left most common due to liver padding on the right

Front 23

What is the standard of care treatment for a perineal hernia? What is special about cats regarding this procedure?

Back 23

Castrate + internal obturator muscle flap;
Cats have no sacrotuberous ligament

Front 24

Which artery gives rise to the splenic artery? The splenic vein drains into which vein?

Back 24

Celiac a.
Portal v.

Front 25

How does splenic architecture differ between dogs and cats? What is the clinical relavance of this?

Back 25

Cats are nonsinusoidal and don't get splenic hematomas

Front 26

What are the major surgical diseases of the spleen?

Back 26

Masses
Torsion

Front 27

What are the types of splenic masses and what is the relevance of each? What is the prevalence of each?

Back 27

Cystic masses (more common; blood filled and may cause hemoabdomen)
Solid masses (less likely to cause hemoabdomen)

Front 28

T or F:
A dog with non-traumatic hemoabdomen and a splenic mass is pretty likely to have hemangiosarcoma.

Back 28

True!
Malignant splenic masses are more common in non-traumatic hemoabdomen.

Front 29

What is the radiographic character of a splenic torsion?

Back 29

C-shaped, congested spleen on R lateral radiograph.

Front 30

What is the best diagnostic tool to diagnose splenic torsion?

Back 30

ultrasound w/color flow doppler

Front 31

Splenic torsion is often associated with...

Back 31

...GDV

Front 32

What are some potential post-op complications to a splenectomy?

Back 32

GDV (if no prophylactic performed)
VPCs
Hemorrhage, dehiscence, pancreatitis
tumor regrowth/spread if malignant

Front 33

What are some non-surgical splenic diseases?

Back 33

Nodular hyperplasia
Hemosiderotic plaques
Splenosis
Lymphoma (usually)

Front 34

The most common congenital heart defect in small animals is..

Back 34

....patent ductus arteriosus

Front 35

What is the prognosis for untreated PDA? Treated?

Back 35

Untreated, most die <1yr
Treated, 95% success

Front 36

What is a common presentation of a patient with a PDA?

Back 36

Young, low body weight
Continual basilar murmur (washing machine murmur)
Maybe in CHF (cough, exercise intolerance, tachypnea,etc)

Front 37

What are some structures to be mindful of when repairing a PDA?

Back 37

Recurrent laryngeal n.
Phrenic n.
Vagus n.
Pulmonary artery
Aorta

Front 38

What procedure can be diagnostic and therapeutic in pericardial diseases?

Back 38

Pericardiocentesis

Front 39

What is the most common cause of pericardial effusion in small animals? What ECG signature is pretty pathognomic for these?

Back 39

Neoplastic;
Electrical Alternans (regular variance in R wave amplitude)

Front 40

Which side of the heart will first show signs of disease in a pericardial effusion and why?

Back 40

Right side - its all flabby from low venous pressure

Front 41

What is a surgical option for primary pericardial disease? For pericardial effusion?

Back 41

Subtotal pericardectomy
Pericardial window (for effusion)