Bryan - Microanatomy - Nervous Tissue

Front 1

What is the CNS? What does it contain?

Back 1

Central Nervous System
Brain and Spinal Cord
Gray/White matter and nuclei

Front 2

What is the difference between a nucleus and a ganglion?

Back 2

A nucleus is a collection of nerve cell bodies within the CNS and a ganglion is a collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS.

Front 3

What is the CNS tissue that contains no nerve cell bodies?

Back 3

White matter

Front 4

How can one tell gray matter from white matter histologically?

Back 4

White matter has empty spaces where axons once were.

Front 5

What are the two main classes of neurons?

Back 5

Neurosecretory (endocrine)
Transmission

Front 6

Name the parts of a transmission neuron

Back 6

Dendrites
Cell body (Perikaryon)
Axon
Synaptic terminal

Front 7

What does a pacinian corpuscle sense?

Back 7

Mechanical pressures

Front 8

What do encapsulated nerve endings detect? Free nerve endings?

Back 8

Pressure and temperature.
Respond to chems released by injured tissue.

Front 9

What is found in the trophic zone?

Back 9

Perikaryon or neuronal cell body

Front 10

What differentiates the axon hillock from the beginnings of other dendrites?

Back 10

The axon hillock has no Nissl substance

Front 11

What does the axon contain?

Back 11

Neurofilaments
Neurotubules
Mitochondria
Voltage-gated Na channels

Front 12

What differentiates a synaptic terminal from a dendrite?

Back 12

Synaptic terminals have secretory vesicles.

Front 13

What kind of neuron has one dendrite and one axon? Where might they be found?

Back 13

Bipolar neuron
Nose & ears (olfaction and audition)

Front 14

What distinguishes a unipolar neuron? Where might they be found?

Back 14

Cell body is not in direct signal pathway. Found in dorsal root ganglion (sensory ganglion)

Front 15

What kind of neuron has one axon but multiple dendrites? Name two special shapes of this neuron type.

Back 15

Multipolar neuron.
Piriform neuron (Perkinje cell)
Pyramidal neuron

Front 16

What is the most common kind of synapse?

Back 16

Axo-dendritic

Front 17

What are the three parts to a synapse?

Back 17

Presynaptic element (synaptic terminal)
Synaptic cleft
Postsynaptic element

Front 18

What kind of channels are in the axonal and pre-snyaptic region? What kind in the synaptic cleft?

Back 18

Voltage-gated Na channels
Voltage-gated Ca channels

Front 19

What holds a synapse together? What advantage does this afford?

Back 19

Neurofilament
Closer membranes = faster diffusion of transmitters

Front 20

What percentage of all nervous cells are neurons? What cells make up the difference?

Back 20

10%; Glial cells

Front 21

What glial cells are found in the CNS?

Back 21

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal Cells

Front 22

What glial cells are found in the PNS?

Back 22

Neurolemmocytes (Schwann Cells)

Front 23

What astrocytes are found in gray matter? In white matter?

Back 23

Protoplasmic astrocytes
Fibrous astrocytes

Front 24

How can astrocytes be identified?

Back 24

Largest nucleus in gray matter that is not a neuron;

Front 25

What are functions of astrocytes?

Back 25

Neural support cells
Neuron secret service (take up excess K, glutamate, water...)
Form boundaries w/blood vessels
Diffusion barriers at synapses

Front 26

What astrocytic processes form blood vessel boundaries?

Back 26

Pedicels (Astrocytic end feet)

Front 27

What is the most common glial cell in the CNS?

Back 27

Oligodendrocyte

Front 28

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

Back 28

Form myelin sheath around CNS axons.

Front 29

What do oligodendrocytes look like?

Back 29

Small, oval to spherical heterochromatic nucleus

Front 30

How are oligodendrocytes found in white matter?

Back 30

Find white space where axon was; nucleus is oligodendrocyte

Front 31

How many axons can an oligodendrocyte myelinate?

Back 31

Multiple axons

Front 32

What is the space between myelinated sections called? What is found in this space?

Back 32

Internode or Node of Ranvier

Na channels

Front 33

What is the function of microglia? What is their cellular lineage?

Back 33

Antigen processing and phagocytosis.
Macrophage lineage.

Front 34

How can a microglia be identified?

Back 34

Find cell nucleus in endothelium of capillary; microglial nucleus is same size.

Front 35

Where are ependymal cells found?

Back 35

Ventricles of brain and central spinal canal

Front 36

What cells produce CSF? Where are they found?

Back 36

Modified ependymal cells in the choroid plexus

Front 37

What is the electrolyte makeup of CSF?

Back 37

Low Ca and K
High Na, Cl, and Mg

Front 38

What is the function of neurolemmocytes?

Back 38

Protect and/or myelinate neurons of the PNS

Front 39

How many cells can a neurolemmocyte myelinate? How many can it progect?

Back 39

Myelinate one axon.
Protect many axons.

Front 40

How does a neurolemmocyte stain?

Back 40

Acidophilically (neurokeratin)

Front 41

What is the name for the cell that protects PNS cell bodies? These are a subclass of what what type of glial cell?

Back 41

Satellite Cells
Neurolemmocytes (Schwann)

Front 42

What is the capillary-filled CT covering around an axon and neurolemmocyte? What type of CT is it?

Back 42

Endoneurium capillaries; loose CT

Front 43

What CT covers a nerve fasicle? What CT covers an entire nerve? What type of CT are these?

Back 43

Perineurium
Epineurium
Dense Irregular CT

Front 44

What differentiates an autonomic ganglion neural cell body from a sensory ganglion neural cell body?

Back 44

Sensory ganglion neural cell bodies have a central nucleus and peripheral neural cell bodies have an eccentric nucleus

Front 45

What makes up the neuropil? Where is neuropil found?

Back 45

1) Neuron cell bodies and dendrites, unmyelinated axons, oligodendrocytes, protoplasmic astrocytes, microglia
2) Gray matter

Front 46

What is gray matter on the surface of cerebrum and cerebellum called?

Back 46

Cortex

Front 47

What structures contain grey matter and where are they located?

Back 47

Cortex - surface of cerebrum and cerebellum
Nuclei - brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebrum
Cell Columns - spinal cord

Front 48

Where are piriform neurons found?

Back 48

In the grey matter of the cerebellum

Front 49

What are the smallest type of neuron in the brain?

Back 49

Granule cells

Front 50

Quien estan "Los Reyes de Meninges?"

Back 50

Only the hottest mariachi band this side of the border!

Front 51

What are meningeal layers and spaces?

Back 51

Dura mater
Subdural space
Arachnoid membrane
Sub arachnoid space
Pia mater

Front 52

T or F
Dura mater is dense, irr CT and Pia mater is loose CT

Back 52

True! Hard mutha be dense yo and tender momma shows her areolae!