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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many lobes does the liver commonly have?
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Very species dependent, yo!
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What is the gland morphology of the liver?
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Compound tubular
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What are the functions of the liver?
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Synthesis
Secretion Excretion Biotransformation Metabolism |
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What comprises a portal triad?
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Hepatic a.
Portal v. Bile duct |
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Which species has distinct morphologic hepatic lobules covered by areolar CT?
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Pigs
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ID these regions of a liver
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4 - Central canal
5 - interlobular CT 10 - Portal triad |
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What are the common cell types in the liver?
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Hepatocyte
Fixed, Stellate Macrophages (FSM or von Kupffer cells) Fat Storage cells (Ito cells) Endothelial cells |
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T or F:
FSMs and fat storage cells are both found in the space of Disse |
False!
Fat storage cells are but FSMs are located in the sinusoids. FSM = fixed, stellate macrophage space of Disse = perisinusoidal space |
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What do Ito cells store?
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Ito cells = fat storage cells in the perisinusoidal spaces of the liver
Store fat and VITAMIN A |
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ID these two liver cells
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A - Ito cell (fat storage cell)
B - von Kupfler cell (Fixed Stellate Macrophage) |
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ID these regions of a hepatocyte
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A - perisinusoidal space (space of Disse)
B - Bile canaliculus C - Sinusoid |
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T or F:
Every hepatocyte abuts a sinusoid. |
True!
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T or F:
Hepatic sinusoids are very fenestrated. |
True!
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What structure(s) hold hepatocytes together?
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Tight junctions
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T or F:
Every hepatocyte contains a bile canaliculus. |
False! Canaliculi run between hepatocytes.
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Which direction does blood move in respect to the central vein? How 'bout bile?
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Blood moves toward the central vein. Bile moves away from it.
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What is the epithelium of a bile canaliculi? How 'bout an intrahepatic bile duct?
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simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium
simple columnar epi. w/goblet cells |
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What is found in the portal canal?
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Portal triad
Interlobular CT Nerves Lymphatics |
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Identify these:
Which 3 make up the portal triad? |
A - Lymphatic
B - Hepatic a. C - Bile duct C' - Bile ductule D - Hepatic v. E - Hepatocyte B + C + D = portal triad |
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What vessel(s) carry blood to the liver?
Away from the liver? |
Hepatic a. and Portal v. carry blood to liver.
Hepatic vv. carry blood away. |
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What percentage of blood is carried to the liver by each type of afferent vessel?
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Hepatic a. - 20%
Portal v. - 80% |
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What liver region is outlined by A?
B? C? |
A - Hepatic lobule
B - Portal lobule C - Hepatic acinus |
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What lies in the center of a hepatic lobule? What shape is it? What are at the corners?
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Central vein
Hexagonal Portal triads |
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What lies in the center of a portal lobule? What shape is it? What are at the corners?
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Portal triad (interlobular bile duct)
Triangular Central veins |
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What lies in the center of a hepatic acinus? What shape is it? What are at the corners?
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Hepatic artery
Diamond-shaped (I think more football technically) Central veins/portal triads (opposite corners) |
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What's a gall bladder good for?
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Nothing if you're a horse!
Otherwise, it stores, concentrates, acidifies, and delivers bile to the duodenum |
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Describe the flow of bile from hepatic ducts to the gallbladder.
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hepatic ducts > common hepatic duct > cystic duct > gallbladder
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Describe the flow of bile from the gallbladder to the duodenum.
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gall bladder > cystic duct> (possibly common hepatic duct) > common bile duct > duodenum
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Name some species without a gall bladder.
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Horse
Rat Pigeon Camelids Deer |
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What factor causes ejection of bile? What releases this factor? What does this factor act upon?
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CCK (cholecystokinin) from DNES cells (diffuse neuro endocrine system cells) relaxes sphincter and contracts smooth muscle in bladder walls
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ID these gall bladder regions:
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A - Lumen
B - Dark cell C - Clear cell D - Brush border E - Lamina propria |
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T or F:
Dogs have no subepithelial glands in their gall bladders while bovids do. |
True!
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What is the function of clear cells in the gall bladder?
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Mucus secretion - similar to goblet cells
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