Bryan - Microanatomy - Female Reproductive System - Winter 2010

Front 1

Yo, what are the main genital organs in this bitch!?

Back 1

Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
Vulva
Mammary glands

Front 2

What are the endocrine and exocrine functions of the ovaries?

Back 2

Endocrine - Estrogen, progesterone, androgens
Exocrine - female gametes

Front 3

What are the functions of the female reproductive system?

Back 3

Production of oocytes
Transport of male and female gametes
Capacitation of sperm
accomodation of developing embryo/fetus
Parturition
Hormone production

Front 4

What are the two main regions of the ovary? What does each contain? Which is deepest (and what species has these swapped)?

Back 4

Medulla - deepest; contains blood vessels
Cortex - superficial, contains developing oocytes
Switched around in horses

Front 5

What is the ovarian capsule called?

Back 5

Tunica albugenia of the ovary

Front 6

What is the histological makeup of the ovarian cortex?

Back 6

Follicles
Corpora lutea
Interstitial cells
Stromal elements

Front 7

What is the function of corpora lutea?

Back 7

Produce progesterone

Front 8

What is the histological makeup of the medulla of the ovary?

Back 8

Vessels, lymphatics, nerves
Loose CT

Front 9

What is the process of creating oocytes called?

Back 9

Oogenesis

Front 10

Where do primordial germ cells form? When do they become oogonia?

Back 10

Yolk sac
When they migrate to the gonadal ridge

Front 11

T or F:
The maturing oocyte arrests as a secondary oocyte before or shortly after birth.

Back 11

False! They arrest as Primary Oocytes and mature (and arrest) as Secondary Oocytes at puberty.

Front 12

What are the five levels of follicular development?

Back 12

Primordial follicle
Unilaminar primary follicle
Multilaminar primary follicle
Antral (secondary) follicle
Mature (tertiary) follicle

Front 13

ID these stages of follicular development

Back 13

A - Primordial follicle
B - Unilaminar primary follicle
C - Multilaminar primary follicle
D - Antral (secondary) follicle
E - Mature (tertiary) follicle

Front 14

What cells surround the primordial follicle?

Back 14

Stromal cells

Front 15

ID the follicles in A and B

Back 15

A - primordial
B - Primary follicles

Front 16

What cell type surrounds the unilaminar primary follicle? What initiates this change from the primordial follicle?

Back 16

Cuboidal or columnar ovarian follicular cells.
Growth stimulated by FSH

Front 17

What are the cells surrounding the primary oocyte in the multilaminar primary follicle?

Back 17

membrana granulosa cells

Front 18

T or F:
The zona pellucida develops at the secondary or antral follicular stage.

Back 18

False! This develops at the multilaminar primary stage. The CORONA RADIATA develops at the antral stage.

Front 19

T or F:
The oocyte and the granulosa cells secrete the zona pellucida.

Back 19

False! Only the oocyte secretes this

Front 20

ID these stages of follicular development

Back 20

A - Multilaminar primary follicle
B - Unilaminar primary follicle
C - Primordial follicle

Front 21

What two layers do the multilaminar primary follicle stromal cells differentiate into. Which produces androgens and what is the signal for androgen production?

Back 21

Theca folliculi externa
Theca folliculi interna - produce androgens

Front 22

What differentiates the multilaminar primary follicle from the antral (secondary) follicle?

Back 22

Follicular antrum filled with liquor folliculi

Front 23

What is the best part of follicular development?

Back 23

CUMULUS OOPHORUS!!!

Front 24

What secretes the liquor folliculi? What hormone is liquor folliculi high in?

Back 24

Granulosa cells
Estrogen

Front 25

ID these regions of the antral follicle

Back 25

A - Theca folliculi
B - Cumulus oophorus
C - Membrana granulosa
D - Oocyte
E - Basement membrane

Front 26

What are these?

Back 26

A - Corona Radiata
B - Zona Pellucida

Front 27

T or F:
Atresia may occur at any point in the developmental sequence.

Back 27

True!

Front 28

Where is the point of rupture from a follicle?

Back 28

Follicular stigma

Front 29

What structure forms after ovulation? How long does this structure last?

Back 29

Corpus hemmorhagicum
<1day

Front 30

What does the corpus hemmorhagicum eventually form?

Back 30

Corpus luteum

Front 31

Which cells proliferate/invade the corpus hemmorhagicum and what do they become?

Back 31

Granulosa cells form granulosa lutein cells
Stromal cells become theca lutein cells

Front 32

What hormones are secreted by the corpus luteum and which cells secrete them?

Back 32

Progesterone - granulosa lutein cells and theca lutein cells
Androgens - theca lutein cells

Front 33

What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur? What happens if fertilization does occur?

Back 33

degenerates and is replaced by corpus albicans
persists for a variable time during pregnancy

Front 34

Which are the main hormones involved in the ovarian cycle?

Back 34

FSH
LH
GnRH (releases both of these; indirect effect)

Front 35

What is the effect of GnRH on the ovary? On the pituitary?

Back 35

Ha ha fooled ya! GnRH ONLY acts on the pituitary! It triggers the basophils to release FSH and LH.

Front 36

What is the function of FSH and LH on the ovary (both individually and combined)?

Back 36

LH - follicle rupture, ovulation, development of corpora lutea and oocytes
FSH - growth and maturation of follicles and stimulates estrogen secretion
Both - regulate cyclical activity of ovary

Front 37

What are the components of the oviduct?

Back 37

Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus

Front 38

What are the functions of the uterine tube? Where does fertilization occur?

Back 38

Fxn - transport of gametes, capacitation of sperm, and fertilization area (in ampulla)

Front 39

Which structure of the oviduct is this?

Back 39

Infundibulum

Front 40

Where in the oviduct is this?

Back 40

Isthmus

Front 41

Where in the oviduct is this?

Back 41

Ampulla

Front 42

T or F:
There is no muscularis mucosa in the oviduct?

Back 42

True!

Front 43

What is the epithelium of the oviduct?

Back 43

Simple/Pseudostratefied columnar epithelium with intermittent cilia.

Front 44

What are some functions of the uterus?

Back 44

Semen deposition
Spermatozoa transport
Development of embryo/fetus

Front 45

What are the layers of the uterus?

Back 45

Endometrium
Myometrium
Stratum vasculare
Perimetrium

Front 46

Which region of the endometrium is devoid of glands? What is the function of this region?

Back 46

Caruncles
Placental attachment

Front 47

ID these layers of the uterus. What lies between B and C?
What structure is indicated by E?

Back 47

A - Perimetrium
B - Myometrium (inner circular layer)
C - Myometrium (outer longitudinal layer)
Stratum vasculare between B and C
D - Endometrium
E - Caruncles

Front 48

What distinguishes a bovid cervix from a carnivore cervix histologically?

Back 48

Bovid cervix has complex folded cervical mucosa

Front 49

What is the vaginal epithelium?

Back 49

Stratefied squameous epithelium (nonglandular)

Front 50

Classify A - D by stage of estrous.

Back 50

A - Proestrous
B - Estrous
C - Mesestrous
D - Diestrous (anestrous)

Front 51

T or F:
A bitch in heat has cornified stratefied squameous epithelium in her vagina.

Back 51

True!

Front 52

Which of these smears shows an anestrous bitch?

Back 52

The one on the left.

Front 53

What is unique about the epithelium of the duct in a teat?

Back 53

Bistratefied columnar epithelium

Front 54

What are the secretory components of milk? How is each component secreted?

Back 54

Fat - apocrine
Protein and carbohydrates - merocrine

Front 55

What is the gland morphology of mammary glands?

Back 55

Compound tubuloalveolar glands

Front 56

Describe the alveoli in a lactating mammary gland? In a non-lactating gland?

Back 56

Lactating - distinct alveoli with blebs; interlobular ducts present, secretory product present
Non-lactating - no lobules, indistinct alveoli