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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ID these regions of the developing embryo
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A - Cloacal membrane
B - Cloaca C - Urogenital sinus D - Urachus E - Umbilicus |
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Where do gonads arise from? What specific cells form this?
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Intermediate mesoderm (gonadal ridge); formed by coelomic epithelium and mesenchymal cells
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List the stages in undifferentiated embryonic reproductive development.
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Gonadal ridge forms
Primitive sex cords form Primordial germ cells migrate to gonadal ridge Genital ducts develop Paramesonephric duct fuses w/wall of urogenital sinus Undifferentiated external genitalia forms |
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What is the primitive kidney called? Where are the gonads located with respect to this?
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Gonads are ventromedial to mesonephric kidney
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What are the two types of genital ducts?
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Mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts
Paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts |
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What are the 3 stages of kidney development? Where does each stage develop?
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Pronephros - cervical
Mesonephros - thoracic Metanephros - lumbar |
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T or F:
The metanephric kidney develops segmentally. |
False! This describes the pronephritic and mesonephric kidneys
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T or F:
The pronephric duct extends caudally to the cloaca. |
True!
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Which duct becomes the uterus? What feature of this duct determines the extent of the body?
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Paramesonephric duct septum determines body extent.
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What separates the gonad from the coelomic epithelium in male development?
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Tunica albuginea
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What do the primitive sex cords become in the male? In the female?
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Testis cords become seminiferous tubules and rete testes in the male but disappear in the female.
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What is the most important hormone secreted by the sustentacular cells during male embryonic development? What do the interstitial cells secrete?
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Antimullerian hormone
Testosterone |
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What structures does the mesonephric duct form?
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Efferent ductules, ductus epididymis, ductus deferens, and some accessory sex glands
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What causes regression of the paramesonephric ducts in the male?
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Antimullerian hormone (remember that the eponymous name for the paramesonephric ducts are Mullerian ducts)
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What forms the accessory sex glands?
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Mesonephric duct or urethra
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What hormone influences male external genitalia development?
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Testosterone
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Describe testicular dexcent.
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Gubernaculum (from mesenchyme) attaches testis to scrotum.
Gubernaculum shortens, pulls testis into scrotum. |
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What happens after primitive sex cords disappear during female development?
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Surface epithelium gives rise to cortical cords that surround primordial germ cells - these are now oogonia
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What is the fate of the cortical cord cells?
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They become follicular cells
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T or F:
Estrogen causes the paramesonephric ducts to disappear in female development. |
False! Estrogen causes the Mullerian ducts to form uterine tube, uterus, and cervix
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T or F:
The presence of estrogen and lack of testosterone causes the mesonephric ducts to regress in female development |
True!
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What is the embryological origin of the broad ligament in female development?
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Fusing of paramesonephric ducts
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Match the junk with the species:
Sow, Mare, Human, Rabbit, Cow |
A - Rabbit
B - Sow, Cow (not the ice skating jump) C - Mare D - Human |
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What is the embryologic origin of the vagina?
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Mesoderm and endoderm
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What is the fate of the genital tubercle in males and females?
The Urethral folds? |
Tubercle - glans penis and clitoris
Fold - phallus (body of penis) and labia |
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What are symptoms of gonadal hypoplasia?
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Lack germ cells
Small genital organs |
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What commonly causes cryptorchidism?
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Problem with gubernaculum development
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Abnormal development of the paramesonephric duct in white shorthorn cattle results in...
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White heifer disease
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Failure for urethral folds to close in the male is called...
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Hypospadia
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What is the difference between hermaphrodites and pseudohermaphrodites?
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Pseudo have gonads of one sex but external appearance of other.
Hermaphrodites have ambiguous genitalia |
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What genitalia will a female pseudohermaphrodite have? How does this happen?
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Male genitalia
Due to adrenal hyperplasia overproducing androgens |
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What genitalia will a male pseudohermaphrodite have? How does this happen?
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Female genitalia (internal and external)
Reduced androgens and antimullerian hormone |
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What happens if antimullerian hormone is present but no testosterone response occurs? How would this manifest externally?
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Androgen insensitivity syndrome; look externally female.
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