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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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From which embryonic layer does the heart derive?
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Splanchnic mesoderm
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ID these embryonic structures:
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A - Tubular heart
B - Ventral aorta C - Aortic arch D - Optic cup |
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What gives rise to endocardial tubes in embryonic cardiac development?
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cardiogenic plate or field (forms anterolateral to neural plate)
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What forms the single endocardial tube?
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L and R endocardial tubes fuse
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T or F:
The mammalian heart forms in the cervical region then moves to the thoracic region. |
True!
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What is the name for the defect where the heart is not in its correct location?
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Ectopia cordis
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What are the regions of the tubular heart (from cranial to caudal)?
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Truncus arteriosus
Bulbis cordis Ventricle Atrium Sinus Venosus |
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What is the fate of the embryonic regions of the tubular heart?
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Truncus arteriosus - aorta and pulmonary trunk
Bulbus cordis - part of R ventricle Ventricle - L. Ventricle Atrium - R and L Atria Sinus Venosus - R side > coronary sinus; L side > R. atrium |
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Describe the initial folding that occurs in the tubular heart.
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Bulbis cordis and ventricle bend caudo-ventrally and to the right (fall to the right).
Atrium moves dorsocranially. |
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What condition occurs when the bulbus cordis falls to the left?
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Dextrocardia (R heart displacement)
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What condition occurs when the body symmetry is flipped?
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Situs inversus
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What structure(s) develop(s) to divide the ventricle into two sides?
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Interventricular septum
Also the endocardial cushions part of the spiral septum |
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The failure of which structure to develop correctly causes a ventricular septal defect?
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Failure of the endocardial cushion and/or the spiral septum to develop the membranous portion of the ventricular septum
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T or F:
Perforations in septum I and septum II comprise the foramen ovale. |
False!
Only the perforation in septum II makes up the foramen. Septum I comprises the valve of the foramen ovale. |
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What causes the foramen ovale to close?
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Increased pulmonic venous pressure post pariturition closes the foramen.
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What structure divides the truncus arteriosus? What does the truncus arteriosus divide into?
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Spiral septum.
Aorta and pulmonary trunk |
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T or F:
The spiral septum contributes to the interventricular septum. |
True!
If there is an issue with the spiral septum; VSD always occurs. |
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What process creates cardiac valves?
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Erosion
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What are the features of the Tetralogy of Fallot?
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Pulmonary stenosis
Overriding aorta (aorta too wide) VSD Hypertrophy (Also PDA) |
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How many aortic arches are present (usually)? What is the fate of each arch?
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5 to 6
Arches 1, 2, and 5 degenerate Arch 3 becomes internal carotid R arch 4 becomes R subclavian L arch 4 becomes aortic arch Arch 6 becomes pulmonary aa. and ductus arteriosus |
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Which arch becomes the ductus arteriosus?
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Left Arch 6
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Why aren't two aortas better than one?
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Double aortic arch squishes the trachea and esophagus
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What closes the ligamentum arteriosum?
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Nothing! The ligamentum arteriosum is ALREADY closed! However, it was closed by post-pariturition factors (oxygen concentration methinks).
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What forms the L and R hepatic veins? What is the embryologic origin of these structures?
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L and R vitelline veins from the yolk sac.
(vitelline is greek for yolk sac apparently) |
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What is the fetal bypass structure for the liver?
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Ductus venosus
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