Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
If you see proliferative oral lesions on a young cow, the first thing you think of (disease and agent) is...
|
...papular stomatitis or bovine acne (parapox virus)
|
|
Proliferative lesions on a sheep are caused by? Should you be worried about this?
|
Parapox virus (Orf or Soremouth); zoonotic!
|
|
What are common areas for parapox lesions in large animals?
|
Mucocutaneous junctions of the face, coronary bands, and teats.
|
|
What are the major vesicular/erosive/ulcerative diseases in large animals that manifest without diarrhea? What is the disease agent in each?
|
Bluetongue (reovirus)
Vesicular stomatitis (rhabdovirus) FMD (picornavirus) |
|
T or F:
All ulcerative diseases of large animals are reportable. |
False.
However, any ulcerative disease WITHOUT DIARRHEA (VS, FMD, Bluetongue) is reportable! |
|
What are the top differentials for a cow with oral erosions in the SW US?
|
Vesicular stomatitis
FMD BVD (would also have diarrhea) |
|
Contrast VS and FMD in terms of:
causative agent global distribution animals affected |
FMD = picornavirus; old world; does not affect horses & little affect to sheep
VS = rhabdovirus, new world, all animals affected |
|
Contrast VS and FMD in terms of:
contagious ability shedding period length |
FMD is more contagious and sheds longer
|
|
How is bluetongue transmitted?
a) fecal-oral b) airborne pollen/dust c) close proximity with sheep d) biting midges |
d) biting midges
|
|
Which of the following has the highest mortality?
a) FMD b) VS c) Bluetongue |
c) bluetongue! 30% mortality in sheep!
|
|
What are the sequelae to in utero bluetongue infection in cattle?
|
Abortion
CNS disorders Arthrogryposis |
|
If you see a sheep with facial lesions, what are your infectious differentials?
|
Orf
Bluetongue |
|
What are the major issues associated with BVD? What is the causative agent?
|
abortions, EED, and birth defects; caused by a pestivirus
|
|
T or F:
Only persistently infected cattle can develop mucosal disease. |
99% True
It gives a greater chance for the point mutation necessary for mucosal disease but I guess there is a chance that acutely infected individuals could develop mucosal disease... |
|
How are calves persistently infected with BVD?
|
Dam infected between days 44 and 125.
|
|
What are good techniques to identify BVD?
|
IHC of ear skin
Virus isolation on viremic animals FA on necropsy |
|
Which ulcerative disease is characterized by a biphasic fever?
|
BVD
|
|
What herpes-ridden beasts can transmit malignant catarrhal fever?
|
Wildebeest and sheep
|
|
MCF virus particles are most concentrated in...
|
...PLACENTAL SECRETIONS
|
|
How can BVD be differentiated from MCF on physical exam?
|
MCF causes lymphadenopathy while BVD causes small lymph nodes.
Also MCF is 100% mortality while BVD is 20-40% mortality. |
|
Which is more likely to cause hematuria, BVD or MCF?
|
MCF
|
|
What is the toxin associated with blister beetle toxicosis?
|
Cantharidin
|
|
How can blister beetle toxicosis be differentiated from VS?
|
Do virus isolation on lesions.
Look for beetles in hay. |
|
What can make large animal mouths stinky? What is the causative agent?
|
Oral necrobacillosis (Fusobacterium necrophorum)
|
|
What is the most common site for oral necrobacillosis? What is this called in young bovids?
|
Larynx
Calf diptheria |
|
What the top 2 differentials for a hard swelling in a large animal noggin and how are they differentiated?
|
Osteomyelitis (nonpainful)
Fracture (painful) |
|
What are differentials for soft tissue swellings in large animal noggins?
|
Edema
Inflammation (infectious, non-infectious, foreign body reaction) Salivary mucocoeles |
|
How can you diagnose soft tissue swellings in large animal heads?
|
not-so-FNA (like a 14ga)
|
|
What is the causative agent for nonpainful hard head swellings in cattle?
|
Actinomyces bovis (lumpyjaw)
|
|
"Sulfur granule" pus in large animals is caused by which two organisms? How can these be distinguished?
|
Actinomyces bovis (gram +)
Actinobacillus lignieresii (gram -) |
|
If you see an abscess in a cattle, it is probably due to...
How about in small ruminants? |
Cattle (Arcanobacter pyogenes)
Small ruminants (Corynebacteria pseudotuberculosis) |
|
Esophageal obstruction =
|
choke
|
|
What are some predisposing factors to choke?
|
decreased chewing
increased swallowing rate narrowing of esophagus |
|
What is the major clinical sign of choke in all large animals? How about in ruminants?
|
feed-tinged saliva coming out mouth AND NOSE;
Add BLOAT and DEPRESSION for ruminants |
|
What is a good treatment for minor choke?
How about for major choke in the ruminant (eg: in respiratory distress)? |
Lower the head, maybe pass stomach tube.
Trocharize the respiratory distressed ones! |
|
What are the cranial nerves involved with swallowing?
|
IX, X, XI
|
|
Which cranial nerves govern chewing? Facial muscles?
|
V = chewing
VII = face |
|
Which cranial nerves move the tongue?
|
IX, XII
|
|
Which cranial nerves are associated with the guttural pouch?
|
VII, IX, X, XI, XII
|
|
In which large animal species is megaesophagus not uncommon?
|
Camelids (a group more than a species but whatever...)
|
|
What are two issues with esophagitis that can cause dysphagia?
|
Decrease peristalsis
Relax cardia |
|
What are major causes of esophagitis in goats?
|
Plant toxins! (rhododendrons esp)
|
|
Gastroduodenal reflux is an issue of:
a) cattle b) sheep c) goats d) horses e) all of the above |
d) horses
|