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43 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
If you see proliferative oral lesions on a young cow, the first thing you think of (disease and agent) is...
...papular stomatitis or bovine acne (parapox virus)
Proliferative lesions on a sheep are caused by? Should you be worried about this?
Parapox virus (Orf or Soremouth); zoonotic!
What are common areas for parapox lesions in large animals?
Mucocutaneous junctions of the face, coronary bands, and teats.
What are the major vesicular/erosive/ulcerative diseases in large animals that manifest without diarrhea? What is the disease agent in each?
Bluetongue (reovirus)
Vesicular stomatitis (rhabdovirus)
FMD (picornavirus)
T or F:
All ulcerative diseases of large animals are reportable.
False.
However, any ulcerative disease WITHOUT DIARRHEA (VS, FMD, Bluetongue) is reportable!
What are the top differentials for a cow with oral erosions in the SW US?
Vesicular stomatitis
FMD
BVD (would also have diarrhea)
Contrast VS and FMD in terms of:
causative agent
global distribution
animals affected
FMD = picornavirus; old world; does not affect horses & little affect to sheep
VS = rhabdovirus, new world, all animals affected
Contrast VS and FMD in terms of:
contagious ability
shedding period length
FMD is more contagious and sheds longer
How is bluetongue transmitted?
a) fecal-oral
b) airborne pollen/dust
c) close proximity with sheep
d) biting midges
d) biting midges
Which of the following has the highest mortality?
a) FMD
b) VS
c) Bluetongue
c) bluetongue! 30% mortality in sheep!
What are the sequelae to in utero bluetongue infection in cattle?
Abortion
CNS disorders
Arthrogryposis
If you see a sheep with facial lesions, what are your infectious differentials?
Orf
Bluetongue
What are the major issues associated with BVD? What is the causative agent?
abortions, EED, and birth defects; caused by a pestivirus
T or F:
Only persistently infected cattle can develop mucosal disease.
99% True
It gives a greater chance for the point mutation necessary for mucosal disease but I guess there is a chance that acutely infected individuals could develop mucosal disease...
How are calves persistently infected with BVD?
Dam infected between days 44 and 125.
What are good techniques to identify BVD?
IHC of ear skin
Virus isolation on viremic animals
FA on necropsy
Which ulcerative disease is characterized by a biphasic fever?
BVD
What herpes-ridden beasts can transmit malignant catarrhal fever?
Wildebeest and sheep
MCF virus particles are most concentrated in...
...PLACENTAL SECRETIONS
How can BVD be differentiated from MCF on physical exam?
MCF causes lymphadenopathy while BVD causes small lymph nodes.
Also MCF is 100% mortality while BVD is 20-40% mortality.
Which is more likely to cause hematuria, BVD or MCF?
MCF
What is the toxin associated with blister beetle toxicosis?
Cantharidin
How can blister beetle toxicosis be differentiated from VS?
Do virus isolation on lesions.
Look for beetles in hay.
What can make large animal mouths stinky? What is the causative agent?
Oral necrobacillosis (Fusobacterium necrophorum)
What is the most common site for oral necrobacillosis? What is this called in young bovids?
Larynx
Calf diptheria
What the top 2 differentials for a hard swelling in a large animal noggin and how are they differentiated?
Osteomyelitis (nonpainful)
Fracture (painful)
What are differentials for soft tissue swellings in large animal noggins?
Edema
Inflammation (infectious, non-infectious, foreign body reaction)
Salivary mucocoeles
How can you diagnose soft tissue swellings in large animal heads?
not-so-FNA (like a 14ga)
What is the causative agent for nonpainful hard head swellings in cattle?
Actinomyces bovis (lumpyjaw)
"Sulfur granule" pus in large animals is caused by which two organisms? How can these be distinguished?
Actinomyces bovis (gram +)
Actinobacillus lignieresii (gram -)
If you see an abscess in a cattle, it is probably due to...
How about in small ruminants?
Cattle (Arcanobacter pyogenes)
Small ruminants (Corynebacteria pseudotuberculosis)
Esophageal obstruction =
choke
What are some predisposing factors to choke?
decreased chewing
increased swallowing rate
narrowing of esophagus
What is the major clinical sign of choke in all large animals? How about in ruminants?
feed-tinged saliva coming out mouth AND NOSE;
Add BLOAT and DEPRESSION for ruminants
What is a good treatment for minor choke?
How about for major choke in the ruminant (eg: in respiratory distress)?
Lower the head, maybe pass stomach tube.
Trocharize the respiratory distressed ones!
What are the cranial nerves involved with swallowing?
IX, X, XI
Which cranial nerves govern chewing? Facial muscles?
V = chewing
VII = face
Which cranial nerves move the tongue?
IX, XII
Which cranial nerves are associated with the guttural pouch?
VII, IX, X, XI, XII
In which large animal species is megaesophagus not uncommon?
Camelids (a group more than a species but whatever...)
What are two issues with esophagitis that can cause dysphagia?
Decrease peristalsis
Relax cardia
What are major causes of esophagitis in goats?
Plant toxins! (rhododendrons esp)
Gastroduodenal reflux is an issue of:
a) cattle
b) sheep
c) goats
d) horses
e) all of the above
d) horses