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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which tarsal bones are fused in the horse?
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1st and 2nd
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Which tarsal bones are fused in the ox?
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2nd and 3rd
Central and 4th |
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What does the proximal extensor retinaculum bind down?
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long digital extensor
peroneus tertius cranial tibial |
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What does the middle extensor retinaculum bind down?
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long digital extensor
(may not be in ruminant) |
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What does the distal extensor retinaculum bind down?
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long digital extensor
lateral digital extensor |
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What muscles originate from the extensor fossa of the femur?
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Peroneus tertius
Long digital extensor |
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What is another name for the cunean tendon?
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Medial tendon of the Cranial Tibial m.
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Which equine structure flexes the hock when the stifle is flexed?
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Peroneus tertius
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What are the two actions of the gastrocnemius in the horse? Why can't it do these actions simultaneously?
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Flex stifle and extend hock
Peroneus tertius prevents this |
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Which check ligament (present in the thoracic limb) is the pelvic limb lacking?
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Proximal check ligament - SDF attaches to tuber calcanei
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What comprises the reciprocal apparatus of the equine pelvic limb?
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SDF and peroneus tertius
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What is the function of the reciprocal apparatus?
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Extends the stifle extends the hock.
Flexing the stifle flexes the hock. |
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What are the two calcaneal bursae and what structures are they sandwiched between?
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Subcutaneous calcaneal bursa (btw skin and SDF tendon)
Subtendinous calcaneal bursa (btw SDF and tuber calcanei) |
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What makes up the common calcaneal tendon?
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Gastrocnemius
Soleus SDF Semitendinosus Gracilis Biceps Femoris (Gluteobiceps) |
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Which muscles are flexors of the hock in the horse and ox distal pelvic limb?
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Cranial tibial
Long digital extensor Peroneus tertius (kinda) Lateral digital extensor Short digital extensor (horse only) Peroneus longus (ox only) |
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What are the extensors of the hock in the horse and ox?
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Gastrocnemius
Soleus SDF DDF |
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T or F:
All muscles that extend the hock are innervated by the tibial n. |
True!
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What is the cunean bursa sandwiched between?
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Cunean tendon and medial collateral ligament of the hock
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T or F:
In the ruminant, the medial tendon of long digital extensor inserts on both digits 3 and 4 while the lateral tendon only inserts on digit 3. |
False!
The LATERAL tendon inserts on digits 3 and 4 and MEDIAL only inserts on digit 3. |
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Which muscles extend digit 4 in the ruminant?
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Lateral and long digital extensor
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Which muscles extend digit 3 in the ruminant?
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Long digital extensor ONLY
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What muscle rotates the crus medially?
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Popliteus (its the pooper looker atter)
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What are the flexors of the stifle (in the distal pelvic limb)?
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Gastrocnemius
Popliteus |
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T or F:
Below the level of the stifle, the tibial n. innervates ALL flexors of the stifle and extensors of the hock. |
True!
It innervates SDF, DDF, Popliteus, Soleus, and Gastrocnemius |
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Which joints are in the stifle region of the large animal?
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Tibiofemoral
Femoropatellar |
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Both heads of the gastrocnemius originate from the supracondylar tuberosities in the horse and ox. Which animal has the heads also originating from the epicondyles?
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Ox
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