Bryan - Gross Anatomy - Large Animal Mammary Glands - Spring 2010

Front 1

Let's play cow, doe, ewe, or mare:

One duct system per mammary gland

Back 1

Cow, ewe, doe

Front 2

Let's play cow, doe, ewe, or mare:

Four mammary glands or quarters

Back 2

Cow (mare technically has 4 but they aren't called quarters)

Front 3

Let's play cow, doe, ewe, or mare:

Two teats

Back 3

Ewe, doe, mare

Front 4

Let's play cow, doe, ewe, or mare:

two or three duct systems per gland

Back 4

mare

Front 5

T or F:
The elastic nature of the medial lamina of the udder suspensory apparatus facilitates teat presentation.

Back 5

True! The middle lamina stretches while the lateral remains fixed. Thus, a full udder will have lateral teat deviation.

Front 6

What structure contributes to the medial laminae of the udder suspensory apparatus?

Back 6

Tunica flava abdominis

Front 7

T or F:
Since there is no mixing of any of the four quarters of a cow udder, it is easy to remove a single quarter.

Back 7

False! There is no mixing but it is tough to separate cranial and caudal quarters (L & R is easy to separate)

Front 8

Describe the flow of milk from its production in the gland alveoli to the suckling animal.

Back 8

Alveoli > lactiferous ducts > gland sinus > teat sinus > Furstenberg's rosette > teat canal

Front 9

What does the lactiferous sinus consist of?

Back 9

Gland sinus and teat sinus

Front 10

T or F:
Milk knots are palpable papillary ducts filled with milk.

Back 10

False! They are palpable LACTIFEROUS ducts filled with milk.

Front 11

What provides the primary blood supply to the bovine udder?

Back 11

External pudendal artery (gives rise to cranial mammary and caudal mammary aa.)

Front 12

What are the arterial supplies of the bovine udder and from what arteries does each arise?

Back 12

Mammary br. of dorsal labial (int. pudendal)
Caudal mammary a. (ext. pudendal)
Cranial mammary a. (ext. pudendal)

Front 13

T or F:
In a heifer, blood from the udder drains to the internal thoracic vein.

Back 13

False (unless perhaps its a very late pregnancy)!
After the 1st pregnancy, the udder drainage overwhelms venous valves, forcing blood into the internal thoracic vein.

Front 14

What are the main drain veins of the bovine udder?

Back 14

External pudendal v.
Cranial mammary v. to subcutaneous abdominal v.
Caudal mammary v. to dorsal labial to internal pudendal v.

Front 15

Which vein is known as the milk vein?

Back 15

Subcutaneous abdominal v.
(an extension of superficial caudal epigastric v.)

Front 16

Where is the milk well located?

Back 16

Where the superficial cranial epigastric v. dives deep and becomes the internal thoracic v.

Front 17

What nerve(s) innervates the bovine mammary glands?

Back 17

Genitofemoral n.

Front 18

What nerve(s) is sensory to the skin of the udder?

Back 18

Ventral brs. of L1 and L2 spinal nn.
Genitofemoral n.
Pudendal n.

Front 19

T or F:
The deep inguinal lymph node is palpable per rectum in the cow.

Back 19

True!

Front 20

Describe lymph flow from the udder to the thoracic duct.

Back 20

Udder > superficial inguinal > INGUINAL CANAL > deep inguinal > medial iliac > lumbar trunk > cisterna chyli > thoracic duct

Front 21

What is the arterial supply for the equine udder? Which is primary?

Back 21

External pudendal (primary) gives rise to cranial and caudal mammary

Internal pudendal to dorsal labial which anastomoses w/caudal mammary

Front 22

T or F:
The genitofemoral n. provides innervation to the mammary glands of the horse and the ox.

Back 22

True!

Front 23

How many mammary glands does the sow have?

Back 23

7 pairs

Front 24

How many teat orifices/duct systems per teat in the sow?

Back 24

2

Front 25

Which lymph nodes drain the mammary glands of the sow?

Back 25

Superficial cervical and sternal for 1st 2 pairs;
Superficial inguinal for last 5

Front 26

How many teats on the camelid?

Back 26

4

Front 27

T or F:
Like the bovid, the camelid has one gland per teat.

Back 27

False!
Each teat has double, non-communicating glands.