Brs- Renal Physiology

Front 1

what happens to osmolarity of ECF if person is infused with isotonic saline solution?

Back 1

stays the same

Front 2

what happens to osmolarity of ECF if person has loss of isotonic fluid? (example)

Back 2

diarrhea
stays the same

Front 3

what happens to osmolarity of ECF if person has high NaCl intake?

Back 3

incresaes

Front 4

what happens to ECF osmolarity if person is sweating in the desert?

Back 4

increases (sweat is hyposmotic... more water than salt is lost)

Front 5

what happens to ECF osmolarity in SIADH?

Back 5

decreases

Front 6

what happens to ECF osmolarity in adrenocortical insufficiency (NaCl loss)?

Back 6

decreases (lack of aldosterone), kidneys excrete more NaCl than water

Front 7

what happens to plasma protein [] and hematocrit in infusion of isotonic NaCl?

Back 7

decreases (overall increase in fluid)

Front 8

what happens to plasma protein [] and hct in diarrhea?

Back 8

increases (from volume contraction)

Front 9

what happens to plasma protein [] and hct in high NaCl consumption?

Back 9

decrease (ICF shrinks to accomodate the increased osmolarity in ECF, this dilutes out the plasma protein)

Front 10

what happens to plasma protein [] and hct when swaeting in desert?

Back 10

protein increases
hct stays same b/c fluid leaves rbcs to offset fuid loss

Front 11

what happens to plasma protein [ ] and hct in siadh

Back 11

decreases
stays same

Front 12

what happens to plasma protein [] and hct in adrenal insuff?

Back 12

plasma protein increases
hct increases (from decreased ECF volume and rbc swelling from water entry)

Front 13

how does vasoconstriction of renal arterioles affect RBF? how is this achieved?

Back 13

decreases RBF
SNS

Front 14

how does AII affect renal arterioles

Back 14

preferentially constricts efferent arterioles unless it is a situation where there is a massive hemorrhage. then, so much AII is released that it constricts both efferent and afferent arterioles

Front 15

how does ACE affect renal arterioles

Back 15

preferentially constricts efferent arterioles

Front 16

what effects does AII have on GFR?

Back 16

increases it

Front 17

what effect do ACE-I have on GFR

Back 17

decreass it by dilating efferent arterioles

Front 18

what does afferent arteriole constriction do to RPF?

Back 18

decreases

Front 19

what does efferent artiorole constriction do to GFR?

Back 19

increases (by increasing Pgc)

Front 20

what does increased plasma protein do to GFR?

Back 20

decreases it by increasing osmotic pressure in GC

Front 21

what does decreased plasma protein do to GFR?

Back 21

increases it by decreasing osmotic pressure in GC

Front 22

what does increased plasma protein do to RBF?

Back 22

nothing

Front 23

what does decreased plasma protein [] do to RBF?

Back 23

nothing

Front 24

what does efferent arteriole constriction do to RBF?

Back 24

decreases it

Front 25

what happens to the filtration fraction in afferent arteriole constriction?

Back 25

(GFR/RBF)
GFR decreases, RBF decreases
FF no change

Front 26

what happens to FF in efferent arteriole constriction

Back 26

GFR/RBF
GFR increases, RBF decreases
FF increases

Front 27

what happens to FF in increased plasma protein concentraton

Back 27

GFR/RBF
GFR decreases, RBF no change
FF decreases

Front 28

what happens to FF in decreased plasma protein []

Back 28

GFR/RBF
GFR increases, RBF no change
FF increases

Front 29

what happens to FF when ureter is constricted?

Back 29

GFR/RBF
GFR decreases, RBF no change
FF decreases

Front 30

what things are reabsorbed in the PCT?

Back 30

glucose
AA's
most of the HCO3

Front 31

describe how HCO3 is handled in PCT

Back 31

HCO3 is in the lumen and combines with H that is secreted into the lumen --> H2CO3
Carbonic anhydrase --> H20 + CO2
which re-enters the tubule and reforms as H2CO3 with CA
the H is then secreted into the lumen and the HCO3 is reabsorbed

Front 32

what happens in the TAL?

Back 32

NKCC pump (blocked by furosemide): aids in reabsorbing Na, Cl, K
K flows back out into lumen and the gradient drives the absorption of Mg and Ca
also aids in the running of the NKCC pump

Front 33

is the TAL permeable to water

Back 33

no

Front 34

what is the thin descending loop permeable to?

Back 34

water, but not Na

Front 35

what is happens in the early distal convaluted tubule

Back 35

actively reabsorbs Na, Cl
Ca absorption is controlled by PTH receptors found here

Front 36

what happens in the collecting tubules

Back 36

Na is reabsorbed in exchange for K/H (regulated by ALDOSTERONE!!!)
reabsorption of water regulated by ADH (aquaporins)

Front 37

which part of the nephron is impermeable to water?

Back 37

TAL (and collecting tubule if there is no ADH)

Front 38

where in kidney is EPO released from

Back 38

endo cells of peritubular capillaries

Front 39

what enzyme converts 25-OH vitamin D to its active form?

Back 39

1-alpha hydroxylase

Front 40

what do JG cells do?

Back 40

secrete renin in response to low renal blood pressure

Front 41

what does the macula densa do?

Back 41

senses the amt of Na

Front 42

where is the macula densa

Back 42

part of the DCT

Front 43

what do PGs do to the kidney

Back 43

vasodilate the afferent arterioles (that's why NSAIDS can --> ARF by inhibiting PG)

Front 44

what effect does aldosterone have on H

Back 44

more H is secreted

Front 45

where does aldosterone work in kidney?

Back 45

DCT

Front 46

where does PTH work?

Back 46

PCT to decrease PO4 reabsorption
DCT to increase Ca reabsorption
stimulates 1-alpha hydroxylase in PCT

Front 47

where is ACE released from?

Back 47

lung