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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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major cations/anions of ICF?
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cations--K+, Mg2+; anions--protein, organic phosphates (eg ATP)
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markers for measuring TBW
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D2O, tritiated H2O
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markers for measuring ECF?
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mannitol, sulfate, inulin
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markers for measuring plasma?
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RISA, Evan's blue
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markers for measuring interstitial fluid?
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indirect: ECF - plasma (mannitol - Evan's blue)
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markers for measuring ICF?
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do indirectly: TBW - ECF (D2O - mannitol)
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What happens if isotonic NaCl is infused?
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isosmotic volume expansion
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What happens to fluid volumes if you have diarrhea?
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loss of isotonic fluid-->isometric volume contraction
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what happens to fluid volumes if excessive NaCl intake?
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hyperosmotic vol expansion
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what happens to fluid volumes if you get lost in a desert? (dehydration)
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hyperosmotic vol contractino
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what happens to fluid volumes in SIADH?
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hyposmotic volume expansion
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what happens to fluid volumes if adrenocortical insufficiency?
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hyposmotic volume contraction
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treatment of SIADH?
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demeclocyclene, water restriction
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renal blood flow is what % of CO?
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~25%
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at low [ang II], what effect on renal arterioles?
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preferential dilation of efferent arteriole--> protects GFR
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over what range of pressures does renal blood flow remain constant (autoregulation)
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80-200mmHg (thanks to myogenic mech and tubuloglomerular feedback)
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How measure renal plasma flow?
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use PAH, which is both filtered and secreted by renal tubules (so that~none in renal veins); this is the effective RPF
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filtration fraction?
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GFR/RPF (normal~0.20)
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where does acetozolamide work in kidney?
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(carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) works in PCT to inhibit resorption of HCO3- (w/o bicarb, don't have H+ needed for Na-H antiport) (N.B. can also tx acute mountain sickness)
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None
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middle/late PCT vs. early PCT?
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early PCT--Na resorb.coupled with glucose, aa, phosphate, etc.; mid/late PCT--Na resorb.w/ Cl-
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where do K+sparing diuretics work?
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in CCD
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role of alpha intercalated cells?
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secrete H+ and resorb. K+ if hypokalemic (or acidic?)
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what cell is responsible for excreting K+ in hyperkalemia?
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principal cell (via Na-K ATPase and K channels)
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where is phosphate resorbed?
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only in PCT. ~15% of filtered phosphate excreted (imp for buffering later on)
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effect of PTH on phosphate in kidney?
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PTH inhibits phosphate resorb. in PCt via inc'd AC-->cAMP. (get phosphaturia and inc'd urinary cAMP)
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which diuretics can be used to treat hypercalcemia?
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loop diuretics
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which diuretics can be used to treat hypercalciURIA
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thiazides (increase Ca resorb.)
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relationship of K+ and NH3?
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hyperkalemia inhibits NH3 synthesis (RTA type 4), dec'd H+ excretion; hyPOkalemia--stim NH3 synthesis
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ECF volume contraction and acid/base balance?
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ECF volume contraction-->HCO3- resorb. , contraction alkalosis (N.B. in vomiting, met alk made worse if ECF vol contracts!)
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None
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why might you get tingling, numbness, muscle spasms in respiratory alkalosis?
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signs/symptoms of hypocalcemia, b/c H+ and Ca2+ compete for protein binding sites and dec'd H+ means more bound Ca and less free Ca (~hypocalc.)
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effect of insulin on K+?
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insulin deficiency--> shift of K+ out of cells, hyperkalemia; insulin-->shift of K+ into cells, hypokalemia
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