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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The increase in skeletal muscle mass associated with exercise and enlargement of LV in HTN are examples of?
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hypertrophy
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A characteristic cellular feature of atrophy is (blank), which contain debris from degraded organelles.
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autophagic granules
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Replacement of one differentiated tissue by another, which is often reversible?
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Metaplasia
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Describe the (3) pathologic findings of early hypoxic cell injury?
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Failure of cell membrane pump(leading to hydropic swelling, ER & mitochondrial swelling); Failed protein synthesis; PFK stimulation
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Describe the (3) pathologic findings of late hypoxic cell injury?
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membrane damange via loss of phospholipids; formation of myelin figures; cell blebing
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the Hypoxic point of no return is marked by (3) features.
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irreversible cell membrane damage; massive Calcium influx; and mitochondrial calification
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Hypoxic irreversibilty occurs in how much time for neurons? myocardial cells and hepatocytes? skeletal muscle cells?
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neurons: 3-5 minutes;
myocardial/hepatocytes: 1-2hr; skeletal: many hours |
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What is a classic ultrastructural marker of barbituate intoxication?
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proliferation and hypertrophy of the SER
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Name 3 intracellular enzymes that degrade free radicals.
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glutathione peroxidase; catalase; superoxide dismutase
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Defined as the sum of the degradative and inflammatory reactions occurring after tissue death caused by injury.
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Necrosis
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Coagulative necrosis is most often caused by (blank A), and is marked by increased (blank B) and nuclear changes.
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Coagulative necrosis is most often caused by ischemia, and is marked by increased eosionphilia and nuclear changes.
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Describe the (4) nuclear changes that are the morphologic hallmark of irreversible cell injury.
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Pyknosis, Karyorrhexis, Karyolysis, Disappearsance of stainable nuclei
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What type of necrosis often occurs in the CNS and can be characterized by pus formation?
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liquefactive necrosis
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What is the leading cause of caseous necrosis, part of granulomatous inflammation with amorphic eosinophilic appearance?
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TB
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Deposition of fibrin like proteinaceous material in the arterial wall is (blank) necrosis.
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fibrinoid
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PCD differs from Necrosis in that PCD lacks a (blank) response.
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Inflammatory
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Describe the Extrinsic pathway of initiating PCD.
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FASL activates Caspases 8 and 9 (initiating), which activate Caspase 3 and 6 (executioners)
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Describe the Intrinsic/Mitochondrial pathway of initiating PCD.
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loss of growth factors leads to loss of bcl-2; this leasds to release of cytochroe c and stimulaiton of bax and bak; cytochrome c also activates apaf-1 which activates caspase 9
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Term denoting eosinophilic appearance in H & E caused by nonspecific accumulations of proteinaceous material.
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Hyaline change
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Yellowish discoloration which stains theblood, slcerae, mucosae and internal organs is caused by accumulating?
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Bilirubin (catabolic product of hemoglobin)
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In Hemosiderosis, hemosiderin accumulates in (blank)
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tissue macrophages
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What is "bronze diabetes"? What are the 3 clinical signs?
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hereditary Hemochromatosis; micronodular cirrhosis, DM, skin pigmentation
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How do Dystrophic and Metastatic Calcification differ?
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Dystrophic occurs in damaged tissue but the patient is normocalcemic while metastatic occurs in patients with hypercalcemia.
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