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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aristocracy
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upper class, first estate, ostentatiously wealthy - clothing/servants -- NO TAXES
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Gentry
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"better-off commoners;" educated, purchase land, libraries, read, newspapers
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Peasants
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90% of population, country dwellers, farm/agriculture, reliant on weather - 18th century - 9 farmers feed 10
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History
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events in the past; recorded, passed down - STORIES, witnesses, study it in modern society
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Hierodotus
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a Greek and one of the first historians
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Clergy
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abbe(/), special church trial, Church had lot of land & power, MORAL AUTHORITY
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Bourgeoisie
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well-educated, newspapers, egalitarianism, read often, bankers, merchants, early industrialists
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Egalitarianism
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Political, social, economic equality; criticized lifestyle of aristocracy & clergy
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Social Mobility
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in 18th century, upward social movements were looked down upon and were achieved through flattery
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Food Supply (18th Century Europe)
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When food was short, the peasants starved; this led to food riots; Bourgeoisie criticized how Aristocrats got all meals while peasants starved
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philosophe
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French thinker
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Deism
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logic, science, natural world; "no need for organized religion"; belief = creator leaves universe alone
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The Enlightenment
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revolution in european philosophy and society in the 18th cent.
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Immanuel Kant
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18th cent. German Philosopher, focused on thought, attacks some philosophical traditions
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Voltaire
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pen name of Francois Marie Arouet; bourgeios, against aristocracy, interested in science
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Montesquieu
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LAWS OF THE STATE - separation of powers [French 18th cent. philosopher]
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Paine
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radical, attack on monarchy, America, born in England
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Age of Enlightenment
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18th cent., "service to fellow people"; aristocrats - power, culture, lawmaking; "KNOWLEDGE = KEY TO HUMAN PROGRESS"
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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the arts, virtue (conduct); THE SOCIAL CONTRACT - gov't must be based on voluntary consent; GENERAL WILL
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Locke
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3 things - Equality, Liberty, and Justice - basis of American 3 rights
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Old Regime (pre-1789)
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3 estates - catholic clergy, aristocracy, and commoners; hard times in France - middle class wants power
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Louis XVI
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indecisive, conservative; guillotined
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Marie Antoinette
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Archduchess of Austria and the Queen of France (married to Louis XVI)
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Estates-general
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meeting of reps. from all 3 estates
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National Assembly
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3rd estate; vowed to create written constitution for France; kicked out of meeting (estates-general), goes to Tennis Court, takes oath
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Storming of the Bastille
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July 14th, 1789: working class of Paris storm the Bastille (a prison-fortress) in search of weapons to defend the assembly; violent riot breaks out; bastille = "old regime"
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Tricoloured Cockade
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(a badge) red, blue, white; revolutionaries' symbol for France
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The "Great Fear"
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rebellions throughout France; rumours & violence spread; peasants terrorize aristocrats
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End of the Old Regime
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1791: to end the revolution, the National Assembly abolished the privileges of the 1st and 2nd estates; nobles & clergy lose privileges
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens
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Adopted by the National Assembly; Influenced by: English bill of rights, enlightenment writings, and the Declaration of Independence
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The First Republic
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The National Assembly adopted the Constitution of 1791; Louis XVI accepts it; Formation of Legislative assembly occurs
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Constitution of 1791
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Limited the power of the king: the king is simply a figure-head, constitutional monarchy is established; problems: no women rights, excluded Jews, &c.; only lasted 1 year as a result.
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Royal Flight to Varennes
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June 20, 1791: Louis XVI and family flee Paris; captured, paraded back to Paris; king's power is suspended
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Radicals seize Paris
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1792: gov't seized by radicals, who set up "The Commune" -- demanded custody of royal family & suspension of monarchy; citizens are searched and arrested
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September Massacre
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1400 prisoners are executed (during radical occupation of Paris)
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