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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of bronchiolitis? |
Inflammation of the bronchioles |
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What is the most common cause of the lower respiratory tract obstruction in young children? |
Bronchiolitis |
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What age group does bronchiolitis usually affect! |
< 2 yrs of age with the peak occurrence at 3 - 6 months |
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What time of year does bronchiolitis usually occur? |
Fall and Winter |
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What is the etiology of bronchiolitis?
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- Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) - 90%
- Parainfluenza viruses - Other possible infectious agents: - Adenovirus - Rhinovirus - Bacterial pneumoniae |
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How can you prevent broncholiotis |
- IgG antibody vaccination (synagis) given to high risk infants - Breast feeding ( reduces instances of lower respiratory tract viruses) - Frequent hand washing |
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What is the progression of bronchiolitis? |
- Starts as infection in the upper respiratory tract and then spread downward - Inflammation and increased mucus production leads to obstruction in the bronchioles
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What are the risk factors of bronchiolitis? |
- Pre- existing lung problems (chronic dx, CF) - Premature infants - Exposure to smoke - Day care attendance/ older siblings - Infants that are not breast feed |
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What are the clinical manifestations of bronchiolitis? |
Lower respiratory tract infections after 2- 3 days of: - Congested cough - Nasal congestion - Tachypnea, RR > 50 - Low grade temperature - Intercostal retractions - Poor appetite - Cyanosis |
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What would BS be like in bronchiolitis? |
- Wheezing - Crackles - Rhonchi |
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What would a CXR shows in bronchiolitis? |
- Normal in mild cases - Hyperinflation - Consolidation/ collapse |
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How is bronchiolitis diagnosed? |
- Analysis of nasopharyngeal cultures ( swab and wash) - Medical history - Clinical signs and symptoms |
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What is the management for mild symptoms of bronchiolitis? |
i. e for mild tachypnea, wheezing, mild retractions - Bronchodilators - Isolation - Cool mist therapy - Suction - O2 if necessary |
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What is the management of severe symptoms of bronchiolitis? |
- All steps taken in mild symptoms plus - Ribavin (virazole) via SPAG - Fluids for dehydration - O2 via NC OR HFNC - Intubation and mechanical ventilation - Provide sedation - CPT - not usually required - Steroids and beta2 not used routinely |
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What is the prognosis for bronchiolitis? |
- Most recover in about 12 days - Children with respiratory failure may take 2 weeks to resolve - Increased incidence for asthma in later life - Pneumonia may be a secondary infection - Risks of death in infants |
