Brock Microorganism Chpt 12

Front 1

Bioinformatics

Back 1

the use of computational tools to acquire, analyze, store, and access DNA and protein sequences

Front 2

Chromosomal Island

Back 2

a bacterial chromosome region of foreign origin that contains clustered genes for some extra properety such as virulence or symbiosis

Front 3

Codon Bias

Back 3

the relative proportions of different codons encoding the same amino acid; it varies in different organisms. Same codon usage

Front 4

Gene Chip

Back 4

small solid-state supports to which genes or portions of genes are affixed and arrayed spatially in a known patter (also called microarryas)

Front 5

Gene Family

Back 5

genes related in sequence to each orther because of common evolutionary origin

Front 6

Genome

Back 6

the total complement of genetic information of a cell or a virus

Front 7

Genomics

Back 7

the discipline that maps, sequences, analyzes, and compares genomes

Front 8

Homologs

Back 8

genes related in sequence to an extenet that implies common genetic ancestry; includes both orthologs and paralogs

Front 9

Horizontal Gene Transfer

Back 9

the transfer of genetic information between organisms as opposed to transfer from parent to offspring

Front 10

Intergrase

Back 10

the enzyme that inserts cassettes into an intergron

Front 11

Integron

Back 11

a genetic element that collects and expresses genes carried by cassettes

Front 12

Interactome

Back 12

the total set of interactions between proteins (or other macromolecules) in an organism

Front 13

Metabolome

Back 13

the total complement of small molecules and metabolic intermediates of a cell or organism

Front 14

Metagenome

Back 14

the total genetic complement of all the cells present in a particular environment

Front 15

Metagenomics

Back 15

the genomics analysis of pooled DNA or RNA from an environment sample containing organisms that have not been isolated; sme as environmental genomics

Front 16

Microarray

Back 16

small, solid-state supports to which genes or portions of genes are affixed and arrayed spatially in a known pattern (also called gene chips)

Front 17

Open reading Frame (ORF)

Back 17

a sequence of DNA or RNA that could be translated to give polypeptide

Front 18

Ortholog

Back 18

a gene in one organism that is similar to a gene in another organsim because of descent from a common ancestor

Front 19

Paralog

Back 19

a gene whose similarity to one or more other genes in the same organism is the result of gene duplication

Front 20

Pathogenicity Island

Back 20

a bacterial chromosome region of forein origin that contains clustered genes for virulence

Front 21

Primer

Back 21

an oligonucleotide to which DNA polymerase attaches the first deoxyribonucleotide during DNA syntesis

Front 22

Proteome

Back 22

the total set of proteins encoded by a genome or the total protein complement of an organism

Front 23

Proteomics

Back 23

the genome-wide study of the structure, function, and regulation of the proteins of an organism

Front 24

RNA Editing

Back 24

changing the coding sequence of an RNA molecule by altering, adding, or removing bases

Front 25

Sequencing

Back 25

deducing the order of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule by a series of chemical reactions

Front 26

Shotgun Sequencing

Back 26

sequencing of DNA from previously cloned small fragments of a genome in a random fashion, followed by computiational methods to reconstruct the entire genome sequence

Front 27

Transcriptome

Back 27

the complement of all RNA produced in an organism under a specific set of conditions