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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Racemic Epinephrine
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General classification: Adrenergic Bronchodialators
Generic Name: Racemic epinephrine Brand name: Asthmanephrin, Micronephrin, Vaponephrin Indications: Used for strong beta effect, to treat mucosal congestion; post-extubation, upper airway inflammation. Contraindications/precautions/side effects: speeds up the heart Aerosol dose and frequency: 0.25 cc- 0.5 cc QID and prn Onset, peak and duration: onset: 3-5 min., peak 5-20 min. duration: 1-3 hours. |
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Albuterol
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Generic Classification: adrenergic
Generic Name: Albuterol Brand Names: Proventil HFA. ventolin HFA, Proair Indications: a "quick relieve" medicine, good for acute episodes of bronchospasm, primary drug in asthma, secondary drug in COPD. Contraindications/precautions/side effects: tachycardia, palpitations, nausea, headache, increase blood pressure, nervousness, dizziness, etc. Aerosol dose and frequency: 0.5 cc/2.5 mg QID, TID and prn MDI dose and frequency: 2.5 mg, 2-4 puffs QID/TID and prn DPI dose and frequency: Rotahaler; 1-2 capsules QID Onset: 15 min, Peak effect: 30-60 min., duration: 3-8 hours |
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Levalbuterol
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General classification: adrenergic
Generic name: levalbuterol Brand name: xopenex, xoponex HFA Indications: equal effectiveness of albuterol, extended durations at lower doses, resulting in few SE, "quick relief" medication for pts with asthma and bronchoconstriction. Contraindications/precautions/side effects: tachycardia, nausea, headache, expensive only comes in brand name Aerosol dose and frequency: 0.63 mg/3ml TID and prn, 1.25 mg/3 ml, 1-2 puffs MDI dose and frequency: 1-2 puffs (45 μg /puff). DPI- none Onset: 15 min; Peak effect: 30-60 min; Duration 5-8 hours |
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Formoterol
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General Classification: adrenergic
Generic Name: Formoterol Brand name: Foradil Indications: a second long acitng bronchodialator, similar to salmeterol but peak and onset are faster. Contradindications: should not be used as a quick relief drug because their is a risk of toxicity, not indicated in pt whose asthma can be sucessfully managed by inhaled corticosteroids with occasional use of short acting beta-2 agnosist. Aerosol dose and frequency: 20 mcg/2 ml BID MDI- none DPI dose and frequency: Aerolizer; 12 mcg dose BID ( 1 capsule) onset: 15 min; Peak effect: 30-60 min; Duration: 12 hours |
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Salmeterol
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General classification: adrenergic
Generic Name: Salmeterol Brand Name: Servent Indications: first long-acting bronchodialtor, maintence drug, particular value in prolonged prophylaxis against nocturnal or EIB in conjunction with ICS Contraindications: not indicated in pt whose asthma can be sucessfully managed by inhaled corticosteroids with occasional use of short acting beta-2 agnosist. Aerosol Dose and frequency/MDI: N/A DPI: Diskus; 50 mcg BID (1 dose), pre-loaded 60 doses/diskus Onset: 20 min; peak effect: 3-5 min; duration: 12 hours |
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Aformoterol
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General Classification: adrenergic
Generic Name: Aformoterol Brand name: Brovana Indications: long term treatment of bronchoconstriction in patients with COPD. Contraindications: in pts whose asthma can be successfully managed by inhaled corticosteroids along with the occasional use of inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonists. Aerosol dose and frequency: 15 mcg BID DPI/MDI dose: N/A Onset: 6-7 min; Peak effect: 1-3 hours; Duration: 12 hours |
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Ipratropium bromide
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General classification: anti-cholinergic
Generic Name: Ipratropium bromide Brand Name: Atrovent Indications: used as a primary drug in COPD, secondary drug in asthma, maintenance drug Contraindications: light sensitive and will lose effectiveness if exposed to light, dryness of nose & mouth, palpitations, rash, cough, headache. PRECAUTIONS: use with caution in people with glaucoma ( intraocular pressure, causes blurred vision---so use MDI with spacer & SVN with MP &tubing) DO NOT give to pt with soybean or peanut allergy Aerosol dose and frequency: 50 μg QID, TID MDI dose and frequency: 2 puffs QID DPI: N/A Onset: 15 min; peak effect: 1-2 hours; Duration: 4-8 hours |
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Tiotroprium bromide
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General classification: anti-cholinergic
Generic Name: Tiotroprium bromide Brand Name: Spiriva Indications: third long-acting bronchodilator, used as a maintenance drug for COPD taken only ONCE daily. Contraindications: dryness of nose & mouth, palpitations, rash, cough, headache. PRECAUTIONS: use with caution in people with glaucoma ( intraocular pressure, causes blurred vision---so use MDI with spacer & SVN with MP &tubing) DO NOT give to pt with soybean or peanut allergy. Aerosol/MDI dose and frequency: N/A DPI dose and frequency: 1 dose QD ( 1 capsule) Onset: 30 min; Peak effect: 3 hours; Duration: 24 hours |
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Theophylline
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General Classification: xanthine bronchodilator/combination
Generic name: theophylline Brand Name: Theo-Dur, Slo-Phylline, Theolair Indications: mechanism for treating bronchospasm, Phosphodiesterase inhibitor Contraindications: GI discomfort, nervousness, agitation, tremors, tachycardia, restlessness, arrhythmias, convulsions. N/A as aerosol or MDI; oral dose is individualize for each pt, titrate the dose to achieve therapeutic blood levels approx 10 μg/ml. |
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Dornase Alpha
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General classification: Mucolytics
Generic Name: Dornase Alpha Brand Name: Pulmozyme, rhDNase Indications: enzyme that breaks down or “digests” DNA in purulent sputum, pts with Cystic Fibrosis benefit from the use of this drug. Contraindications/precautions/side effects: voice alterations, laryngitis, chest pain, rash, temperature and light sensitive, stored in fridge, don’t mix with anything! Aerosol Dose and frequency: 2.5 mg Qd or BID |
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acetylcystine
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General classification: Mucolytics
Generic Name: Acetylcystine Brand Name: Mucomyst Indications: most powerful mucolytic agent for general use, breaks disulfide bonds in mucus to lower viscosity and elasticity of mucus, can treat mucus plugging in trach pts. Contraindications: bronchospasm( esp. in asthmatics) must be given with albuterol, nausea and vomiting, disagreeable odor (sulfide released), airway obstruction ( rapid liquification of secretions, be prepared to suction). Aerosol dose and frequency: 20% solution: 3-5 ml TID or QID; 10% solution: 6-10 ml TID or QID. |
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Fluticasone
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General Classification: corticosteroid
Generic Name: Fluticasone Brand Name: Flovent Indications: to manage allergic diseases and to manage airway inflammation in asthma, maintenance drug so it must be used daily Contraindications/side effects: cough, bronchoconstriction, oropharyngeal fungal infection (candidas), “thrush” MDI dose and frequency: 2 puffs BID and the max “sparing” dose is 4 puffs BID. DPI dose and frequency: Diskus 1-2 inhalations BID and the max “sparing” dose is 4 inh BID. |
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Budesonide
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General Classification: corticosteroids
General Name: Budesonide Brand Name: Pulmicort Indications: to manage allergic diseases and to manage airway inflammation in asthma. Contraindications: cough, bronchoconstriction, oropharyngeal fungal infection (candidas), “thrush” Aerosol dose and frequency: 0.25 mg/2 ml and 0.5 mg/2 ml BID ( used primarly in kids) DPI dose and frequency: Turbuhaler 200 mcg; 2-4 inh BID |
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Cromolyn Sodium
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General Classification: anti-asthmatic
Generic Name: Cromolyn Sodium Brand Name: Intal Indications: stabilizes mast cells so they will not degranulate and release leukotrienes, histamines, prostaglandins, maintenance drug Contraindications/side effects: cough, hoarseness, bronchospasm Aerosol dose and frequency: 20 mg QID, MDI dose and frequency: 2 puffs QID DPI dose and frequency: 1 cap QID |
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Duoneb
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a nebulizer solution which contains both ALBUTEROL and ATROVENT
-Aerosol dose and frequency: 0.5 mg; ipratropium bromide and 2.5 mg albuterol in (1 unit dose) -synergistic effect (1 +1=3) |
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Combivent
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- MDI the delivers metered actuation with both ALBUTEROL and ATROVENT
- MDI dose and frequency: 2 puffs QID |
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Advair
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-Long acting Beta- agonists + steroid
-Fluticasone+ Salmeterol -DPI: 100/50 μg, 250/50 μg, 500/50 μg: 1 inh BID (Diskus) -MDI: 45/21 μg, 115/21 μg, 230/21 μg |
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Symbicort
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budesonide+ formoterol
-80/45 (budesonide 80 mcg, formoterol 4.5 mcg) and 160/4.5 (budesonide 160 mcg, fomoterol 4.5 mcg) all recommend 2 puffs BID |
