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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Poverty in 1800's |
Many people faced poverty: poor housing low wages unemployment llness irregular work little help for eldery for unemployed, eldery and sick |
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Why did liberal government introduce reforms in 1906 |
Public attitude changing: poverty often blamed on individual for being lazy Only way to get help was to enter workhouse where you conditions delibrately harsh as a deterrent by 1900 public opinion was changing: People felt poverty was to different factors People felt government should help the unemployed |
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Social reformers |
Change in attitude partly due to social reformers -Charles booth carried out research of poverty in london and published life and labour of the people in london over 17 issues from 1889 to 1992 Seebohm roundtree - studied poverty and its causes in york and published poverty: A study of town life in 1901 Both researchers found 28-31% were living around poverty line |
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Boer war |
in 1899 britain went to war in south africa. Half of its soldiers were unfit for service, many had not been fed properly as a child. This was extremely worrying for government |
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Political factors |
Dynamic individuals: Two leading politicians, david lloyd george and winston churchill believed in social reform. They believed social reform would make the people better and the country stronger as a result |
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What were these reforms? |
Over years 1906 - 1911, liberal government passed series of laws to help the young, old, unemployed and working Children: Free school meals 1906 School medical inspections 1907 Children and young persons act 1908 School clinics 1912 The old: Old age pensions act 1908 Working people: National insurance part 1 and 2 1911 |
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What were these reforms? Detailled |
?? Add more to this you focker |
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Arguments for t female suffrae |
Votes for women would improve life for all women and mean they are equal Austrailia and new zealand had already done this Many women were involved in politics Women paid taxes so they should have a say Britain was not a democracy if 50% could not vote |
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Against female suffrage |
Men were suited to work and politics, women were suited to the house Most women did not want to vote or were not interested in it Women would not vote wisely Giving vote to women meant giving it to all men, this was not wise Women did not fight in wars, |
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Suffragists |
Led by millicent fawcett By 1914 had over 100,000 members Mainly middle class women Very good at propaganda Ran large demonstrations such as the one in hyde park 1908 |
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Were suffraists effective? |
Some say they werent because they didn't et vote by 1914 Did manage to get women suffrage votes proposed to parliament several times between 1910 Closest was concilliation bill 1910, abandoned by liberals Managed to keep suffrage in public eye even when pm asquith didnt care for it |
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Suffragettes |
More radical one, founded in 1903 by emmeline pankhurst. AKA WSPU Direct action began in 1908 with suffragettes breaking windows and chaining themselves to railings in downing street Often force fed, painful, degrading and humiliating Cat and mouse act 1913, those who went on hungerstrike were released, recovered then went back to prison Suffragettes called of violence in 1910, but then continued after 1912 with failure of conciliation bill, campaign of arson and vandalism 4 june 1913 Emily davison threw herself infron of Kin george v's horse at epson derby She also bombed david lloyd georges house in 1912 |
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Hunger strikes |
Some went on hunger strikes, delibrately got arrested to draw attention to themselves |
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Were the suffragettes effective |
Didn't achieve vote by 1914 Divided womens movement, from 1909 sufragists distanced themselves Violence turned some mps against them and public opinion against Sufragettes effective campaigners, their leaflet votes for women had a circulation of 40,000 by 1914 Many women and men admired the suffragetted dedication, hunger strikes gained them a lot of support and sympathy |
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How did women contribute to war effort |
When britain went to war in 1914, suffrage movement threw themselves behind the war effort Front line: Did not fight in trenches but close: Hospital units staffed mainly by women Thousands of women worked for voluntary organisations Womens auxillary army corps was formed in 1918, worked mainly as drivers, secrataries and officials on front line |
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Women and recruitment to war effort |
Female members of active league service encouraged young men to enlist Mothers union published posters criticising mothers who stopped their sons from enlisting |
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Women and war work |
Gov took on 200,000 women during the war By end of war thousands were working in industries. 800,000 were working engineering Around 260,000 women worked on britain farms |
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Women and munitions |
Many worked in munitions, good for war effort but bad for health e.g. explosions, chemicals making illness |
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Why were some women given the vote 1918 |
1914-15 Many efforts went to war effort and propaanda to join the war 1916 Government gave all men the vote. Suffragists publicised massive women contribution to war and said they should get vote as well. David lloyd eorge became pm in dec 1916, wanted women to get vote. Supported suffrage 1917-18 By june 1917, most members of gov seemed to want women to get vote. 1917 act that only women over 30 could get vote approved by house of commons then house of lords in jan 1918. All women got vote in 1928 |
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Recruitment |
Government launched recruitment campaign, better then expected. Over 750,000 joined up during first few weeks of war. Sometimes whole groups joined up as pals batallion Between 1914 and 1916, 2.5 million men joined up to army May 1916, conscription started Only men in reserved occupations such as mining or munitions were excempt 1500 conchies arrested |
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Gov control, dora |
Gov launched DORA, Defence of the realm act. Gave government wide ranging powers over media, food production and industries Gov took over coal mine, miners excempt from conscription and given fixed pay 1915 david lloyd george becomes minister of munitions, reoranised production and set up new state run factories. By end of war government controlled 20,000 factories |
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Food and rationing |
Britain imported a lot of food but German U boats destroyed ships, made rationing a crisis Government tried to increase food production, brought in all available land (3 million acres by 19180 Compulsary rationing 1918 Black market for goods, but penalties for this very severe |
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Civillian casualties |
1500 civillians killed by enemy actions December 1914, German warships shelled towns in north east england Jan 1915, giant zeppelin airships began bombin raids in north east england |
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Propaganda |
DORA gave gov powers over media: Pacifist newspaper tribunal was shut down and daily herald closely monitored. Many newspapers were for the war effort After war, 12 newspaper owners given knighthoods for their service. Patriotic newspapers such as daily express went up during the war Propaganda aimed at children through books, games and toys Patriotic films such as for the empire and battle of the somme |
