Brit Lit Final

Front 1

1476

Back 1

Printing press invented

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1532

Back 2

England's break with Rome

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1558-1603

Back 3

Elizabeth's reign (Henry's daughter). It was fairly stable.

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1572

Back 4

Act of punishment for the vagabonds (who were continuously traveling) Politicians tried to stop the theatre. Establishment of patron troops (actors hired as "servants").

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1576

Back 5

First permanent, public theatre. It was called "The Theatre"

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1611

Back 6

King James' Bible comes out - it is radically Protestant.

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1642-1651

Back 7

Civil War

Front 8

1649

Back 8

Charles I is beheaded.

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1649-1660

Back 9

Theatres were closed due to the interregnum (gap in the monarchy). Restoration of the monarchy in 1660.

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Interregnum

Back 10

Gap in the monarchy - period of commonwealth. (1649-1660)

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Renaissance

Back 11

16th Century. Rebirth movement. Change in thought from salvation to secular humanism.

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Secular humanism

Back 12

Included experimentation that was highly symbolic; movement toward realism, questioning and changes in perspective.

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Early Modern Period

Back 13

The late middle ages into the Renaissance.

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Protestant Reformation

Back 14

When the Church of England broke away from the Roman Catholic Church. Political and religious break between England and Rome, but almost nothing actually changed. Monarch of England becomes the head of the English Church. Destruction of monasteries.

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Calvinism

Back 15

Radical Protestant religious movement proposed by John Calvin. TULIP acronym.

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Calvinism - "T"

Back 16

Total depravity: love yourself above God.

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Calvinism - "U"

Back 17

Unconditional election: God's prechosen destination.

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Calvinism - "L"

Back 18

Limited Atonement: Jesus only died for some of us.

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Calvinism - "I"

Back 19

Irresistible grace: you will come to God.

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Calvinism - "P"

Back 20

Preservation of the Saints: if you fall, you will come back.

Front 21

Implied Stage Directions

Back 21

The indication of an emotion through a spoken phrase. ie: "rend not my heart" indicates pain.

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Tragic Flaw

Back 22

In a tragedy, a character's fatal mistake. Faustus' is his desire for knowledge.

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Tragedy vs. Comedy

Back 23

Comedies involve humor, happy endings, tricks, marriages, and things go from bad to happy (Twelfth Night). Tragedies involve a hero with a tragic flaw, or fatal mistake, and things go from ok to bad to death (Faustus).

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Folio of 1623

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A form of publication of Shakespeare's works, published in 1623. This was after his death, and was a testament to his status as an author. Twelfth Night was included.

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Soliloquy

Back 25

A speech from an actor while s/he is the only one on the stage. The audience is able to see a glimpse into their inner thoughts; we can trust these thoughts as true.

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Mimesis

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Imitative art, expression. The best kinds of art have the strongest correspondence to the real world. Showing, not telling.

Front 27

Diegesis

Back 27

Narrative - telling and recounting as opposed to showing or acting.Opposite of memesis.

Front 28

Puritanism

Back 28

Considered entertainment of all kind to be sinful. They were eventually successful in shutting down theatres. Sidney discusses and disagrees with them during the Apology. (Oliver Cromwell)

Front 29

Sonnet

Back 29

A 14 line poem about love - from a speaker, to or about their beloved - with a strict rhyme scheme and structure; originally Latin.

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Italian Sonnet

Back 30

Italy was the origin of the sonnet. Petrarch was a well-known sonneteer. Contains an octave and a sestet (which together form an argument) with a volta usually in between.

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Octave

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The first 8 lines of an Italian sonnet which describes the proposition or problem. abab abab OR abba abba rhyme scheme.

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Sestet

Back 32

The final 7 lines of an Italian sonnet which proposes a resolution or solution to the problem. cdecde OR cdccdc OR cdcdcd rhyme scheme.

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Volta

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Typically the 9th line in an Italian sonnet and the couplet in an English sonnet. The turn of the poem (change in tone, mood, stance) that signals the movement from problem to resolution.

Front 34

English sonnet

Back 34

Structured containing three quatrains (rhyme: abab, cdcd, efef) and a couplet (gg). Imported by Thomas Wyatt from Petrarch's sonnets. ie: Shakespeare.

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Couplet

Back 35

The final two lines in an English sonnet. Often contains the volta, or turning point of the sonnet. Rhyme scheme is gg.

Front 36

Coterie

Back 36

The audience to which sonnets were written and read. A close group of friends.

Front 37

Pen Name

Back 37

Some sonnets were written under a secret name to conceal the real author's identity. ie: Sidney's Astrophil and Stella (Star-lover and Star).

Front 38

Persona

Back 38

In a sonnet, a fictional character speaking to or about their beloved who is not the author.

Front 39

Blazon

Back 39

To publicly put on display through the sonnet. ie: Sidney's Sonnet 9 - the speaker goes through a lady's physicality, part by part.

Front 40

Lyric poetry

Back 40

Form of poetry (can be a sonnet) that expresses personal and emotional feelings. ie: The Sun Rising by John Donne: a man is in bed with a woman and doesn't want the sun to come up.

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Metaphysical poetry

Back 41

Connects a human experience with disciplines of geography, astronomy, medicine, neoplatonic philosophy, Christian theology. Donne was a metaphysical poet.

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Metaphysical conceit

Back 42

A conceit is an extended metaphor with logic that governs the sonnet. A metaphysical conceit is a conceptual conceit between the microcosm (particular) and macrocosm (universal).

Front 43

Microcosm/macrocosm

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Particular - small part of the world (humans) compared to the macrocosm - the entire universe. Premise of a metaphysical conceit.

Front 44

Music of the Spheres

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Perfect harmony of the geocentric universe.

Front 45

Epic tradition

Back 45

Begins in medis res. ie: During the opening pening of Book 9 of Paradise Lost, Milton discusses this during the tragedy.

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Invocatio

Back 46

Invocation. In the beginning of the poem, the poet appeals to the Muses for inspiration (God and the Holy Spirit in Paradise Lost).

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In medis res

Back 47

In the middle of things - where epic poems typically begin.

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Epic simile

Back 48

Comparison that plays on the idea of perspective and is expanded for a long time (several lines). ie: the comparison of devils to bees in Paradise Lost.

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Satanic rhetoric

Back 49

In Paradise Lost, Satan's convincing way of speaking to himself and others. ie: when Satan convinces himself out of going back go God - change for the good wouldn't be real change. ie: when Satan convinces Eve that she's so beautiful, so she will eventually eat from the Tree of Knowledge.

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Pre-lapsarian

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Before the fall (when Eve took the bite of the fruit from the forbidden tree). Adam and Eve are innocent, have sin-less sex, are not shameful about being naked.

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Post-lapsarian

Back 51

After the fall. Adam and Eve fight and argue, have lustful sex, are embarrassed about being naked, feel the need to cover themselves, develop idolatry toward tree, are fearful of death.

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The Good Morrow

Back 52

John Donne

Front 53

The Rising Sun

Back 53

John Donne

Front 54

The Flea

Back 54

John Donne

Front 55

The Canonization

Back 55

John Donne

Front 56

A Valediction Forbidding Mourning

Back 56

John Donne

Front 57

The Ecstasy

Back 57

John Donne

Front 58

Elegy 19: To His Mistress Going to Bed

Back 58

John Donne

Front 59

Friendship in Emblem or The Seal

Back 59

Katherine Philips

Front 60

To the Truly Noble, and Obliging Mrs. Anne Owen

Back 60

Katherine Philips

Front 61

To my Excellent Lucasia, On Our Friendship

Back 61

Katherine Philips

Front 62

The World

Back 62

Katherine Philips