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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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According to BJ in the sswp book, what is the accurate definition of "wine"?
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Wine is the alcoholic beverage obtained from the juice of freshly gathered grapes, the fermentation of which is carried out in the district of origin according to local tradition and practice. Wines may be red, white or rose, still or sparkling, fortified or unfortified.
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What is the definition of "sparkling wine"?
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Sparkling wines are produced by allowing the natural carbon dioxide produced during a fermentation to be retained in the bottle, or by the addition of carbon dioxide at a later stage prior to bottling.
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What is the definition of "still wine"?
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Still wines are produced from black and white grapes in a fermentation, which is allowed to complete its course naturally. Still wines may be divided into light and heavy wines.
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What is the definition of a "light wine"?
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Light wine is the official name for a natural unfortified wine. It is also used to describe one lacking in body and low in alcoholic content.
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What is the definition of "heavy wine"?
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Heavy wine is an official term for fortified wines.
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In europe, a heavy wine would be described as what?
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as a liqueur wines and are made by adding grape spirit (brandy) to wine during or after the fermentation has been completed.
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What are the 2 ways to create a heavy wine?
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1. Adding in sufficient quantity to kill the yeast during the fermentation process it has the effect of stopping the fermentation, which will cause the remaining sugar to sweeten the resulting wine, and increases the alcoholic content. This will produce sweet fortified wines such as Port and Vin Doux Naturel (VDN)
2. If the grape spirit is added after the fermentation has used up all the sugar in the wine and the fermentation has stopped, dry or sweet wines may be produced. An example of this type or wine is sherry, which can be either sweet or dry. |
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What is the definition of a "Sweet" wine?
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Sweet wine has a high sugar content. The sugar in the wine may be what is left in the wine after the fermentation has finished, for example Sauternes, or sugar may be added in sufficient quantity to produce a sweet wine. This is called CHAPTALIZATION and named after Dr Chaptal who developed this process, which is used to increase the sugar content prior to the fermentation so that a higher alcoholic level can be obtained.
Sweet wines are also produced by adding alcohol early during the fermentation which arrests the process before much of the sugar is used up (known as a VDL) Another method is to add grape spirit (grape brandy) to unfermented must to produce VIN DE LIQUEUR MISTELLE. In Germany unfermented grape juice known as Sussreserve may be added which also adds a fresh fruit character to the wine. |
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What is "Chaptalization" and who is the creator of its process?
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When sugar is be added in sufficient quantity to produce a sweet wine. Which is used to increase the sugar content prior to the fermentation so that a higher alcoholic level can be obtained.
Dr. Chaptal |
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Where is "Chaptalization" used and where is it banned?
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It is practiced in cool regions and in poor vintages but is banned in many of the hot regions.
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What is the definition of a "dry" wine?
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Dry wine is low in sugar. This is usually arrived at by allowing the fermentation to use up most of the grape sugar and any added sugar during the fermentation process.
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What is a "Vin de Liqueur"?
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Pineau des Charente is an example of a vin de liqueur. They are produced by adding grape spirit to unfermented grape must. Vin de liqueurs are also known as MISTELLES.
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What is the definition of "Vin doux naturel (VDN)"?
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VDN are produced by adding neutral grape spirit to fermenting must to arrest the fermentation. This raises the alcohol level to 15-18 % abv and ensures that much of the sugar content of the must is retained in the wine. VDN's are always sweet and should be served well chilled.
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What is another name for a "Vin de Liquer VDL"?
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Mistelle
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What is the definition of a "Vin de Liquer VDL"?
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VDL's are made by adding grape spirit to the must before any fermentation has taken place. For red VDL's the grape spirit is added to the red grapes. They are very sweet with an alcohol level of 16-17% abv and should be served well chilled or on ice.
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What is needed according to BJ to acheive a high quality wine?
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High quality fruit
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What are the factors in Viticulture that can help to achieve a high quality wine?
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The vineyard and the winery. BJ believes that both the vineyard and the winery are equally important to producing a high quality wine.
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What is the definition of "Viticulture"?
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Otherwise known as the growing of grapes for the production of wine
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What is the BJ definition of "terroir"?
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Soil
Climatic conditions location and aspect |
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What is BJ opinion of the importance of soil composition?
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The composition of the structure of the ground has a considerable effect on the resulting wine. It has been proven that certain grape varieties produce their best fruit on specific soils. Well-drained soils are preferred, but the grape requires water so the water retention quality of the soil is also an important factor.
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What type of soil does chardonnay enjoy?
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calcareous, chalky or limestone soils
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What does merlot enjoy best in the Medoc?
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does best on clay soil
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What does cabernet enjoy best in the medoc?
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it produces its best fruit on sandy gravely soil.
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What type of soil is considered best for growing grapes and why?
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Agriculturally poor soils are often referred to as best for grape growing as the vine will be forced to send its roots further into the ground thus causing it to access different minerals, trace elements and other nutrients.
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What is the benefit of having vines with deep roots?
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roots further into the ground access different minerals, trace elements and other nutrients.
They are also less likely to be affected by severe winters |
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What is done today to vines to help with the hot/cold spells and to adjust to different types of soil?
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Rootstocks and clones are developed and chosen to suit the soil and environment where the grapes are to be grown.
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Where do vines grow best on the planet? (latitudes)
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Vines have been found to grow best between the latitudes of 30-50 degrees north and 30-50 degrees south. But these bands are being stretched beyond the 51 degree north line by global warming, as evidenced by the improvement in the quality and yields of British wines.
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What must the average yearly temperature be for vines?
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must not be below 50degrees F/ 10 degrees C. The ideal average being 57F/14C. Too much heat will result in small grapes with tough skins and high potential alcohol and low acid; to little will result in grapes high in acid and short in sugar and flavor.
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Who are Amerine and Winkler?
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Two people who classified wine growing regions.
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How did Amerine and Winkler choose their wine growing regions?
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they based thier classification on the number of days when the daily mean temp exceeded 50F/10C during the months of April to October multiplied by the number of degrees the mean temp exceeded 50F/10C.
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How did Amerine and Winkler list the 5 regions?
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Region 1 being classified as the coolest region, while region 5 being the hottest.
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