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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What disease presents with abdominal pain, ascites, and hepatomegaly?
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Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)
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What disease presents with an achilles tendon xanthoma?
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Famililal Hypercholesterolemia
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What disease presents with adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, and DIC?
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Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)
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What disease presents with arachnodactyly, lens discoloration, aortic dissection, and hyperflexible joints?
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Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin defect)
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What disease presents with back pain, fever, night sweats, and weight loss?
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Pott's disease (vertebral tuberculosis)
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Big toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape is a sign of what?
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UMN lesion (Babinski's sign)
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What disease presents with bilateral hilar adenopathy and uveitis?
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Sarcodosis (noncaseating granulomas)
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What disease presents with blue sclera?
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Osteogenesis imperfecta (Type I collagen defect)
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When will you see a blueish line on the gingiva?
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Lead poisoning (Burton's line)
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What disease presents with cafe-au-lait spots and Lisch nodules (iris hamartomas)?
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Neurofibromatosis Type I (+bilateral acoustic neuromas indicate type II)
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What disease presents with calf pseudohypertrophy?
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Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne's)
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What disease presents with a "cherry-red spot" on the macula?
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Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (lysosomal storage disease)
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What disease presents with chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, and persistent fever following an MI?
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Dressler's syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis)
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A child must use his arms to stand up from a squat. What is the name of this sign and what is it a sign of?
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Gower's sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy... an x-linked recessive disorder involving a deleted dystrophin gene)
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A febrile child develops a red rash on his face which then spreads to the body. What disease?
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Erythema infectiosum/Fifth disease caused by parvovirus B19. Called "slapped cheeks."
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What disease presents with chorea, dementia, and caudate degeneration?
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Huntington's disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)
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What disease presents with chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, and painful cramps?
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McArdle's disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency)
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What disease presents with cold intolerance?
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Hypothyroidism
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What disease presents with bone pain, bone enlargement, and arthritis?
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Paget's disease of bone (increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
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What are conjugate lateral gaze palsy and horizontal diplopia signs of?
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Internuclear opthalmoplegia (damage to the MLF; seen bilaterally in multiple sclerosis and unilaterally in stroke)
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What causes a continuous "machine-like" heart murmur?
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PDA (close with indomethacin; open with misoprostol)
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What sign/symtom involves cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition?
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Myxedema (seen in hypothyrosism and Grave's disease)
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What disease presents with dark purple skin/mouth nodules?
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Kaposi's sarcoma (usually AIDS patients [gay men]: associated with HHV-8)
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When will a patient have deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation?
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Diabetic ketoacidosis (Kussmal breathing)
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What disease presents with dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea?
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Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency)
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Which vitamin deficiency presents with dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, and polyneuropathy?
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Thiamin (B1), known as wet beriberi
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Which organism is often responsible for infection following a dog or cat bite?
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Pasteurella multocida
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What syndrome is characterized by dry eyes, dry mouth, and arthritis?
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Sjogen's syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
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What syndrome presents with dysphagia due to esophageal webs, glossitis, and iron deficiency anemia?
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Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)
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What disease is characterized by elastic skin and hypermobility of joints?
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Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (collagen defect)
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What is the name for an abdominal metastasis presenting as an enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node?
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Virchow's node
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What syndrome presents with erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and atypical T cells?
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Sezary syndrome (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides
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What is facial muscle spasm upon tapping a sign of?
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Hypocalcemia (Chvostek's sign)
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Being fat, female, forty, and fertile are risk factors for what?
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Acute cholecystitis (bile duct blockage)
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Following antibiotic treatment for syphilis, a patient experiences fever, chills, headache, and myalgia. This reaction is known as what?
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Jarish-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes resulting in toxin release)
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What disease presents with fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, and a diffuse rash?
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Measles (Morbillivirus)
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What are the B symptoms of lymphoma?
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Fever, night sweats, and weight loss
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What disease is characterized by soft plaques in the soft tissues of the penis?
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Peyronie's disease (connective tissue disorder)
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What syndrome in boys is characterized by gout, mental retardation, and self-mutilating behavior?
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Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency)
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What disease presents with green-yellow rings around the peripheral cornea?
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Wilson's diease (Kayser-Fleischer rings due to copper accumulation)
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What syndrome is characterized by hamartomatous GI polyps and hyperpigmentation of the mouth/feet/hands?
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Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (genetic benign polyposis which can cause bowel obstruction and leads to increased cancer risk)
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What disease presents with hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, and neurologic symptoms?
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Gaucher's disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
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What syndrome is characterized by hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, and cataracts?
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Alport's syndrome (collagen mutation)
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Hypercoagulability leading to migratory DVTs and vasculitis is known as?
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Trousseau's sign (indicates adenocarcinoma of the pancreas or lung)
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What syndrome is characterized by hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, and hyperdocility?
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Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
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What syndrome presents with hypertension, hypokalemia, and metabolic acidosis?
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Conn's syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)
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As opposed to "pink puffers," these patients present with hypoxemia, polycythemia, and hypercapnia.
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"Blue bloaters." Patients with chronic bronchitis and hyperplasia of mucous cells.
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A nonpainful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion is known as...
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A chancre (seen in prinary syphilis caused by treponema pallidum)
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What disease presents with hepatoplenomegaly and neurodegeneration in an infant with failure to thrive?
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Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)
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What infantile disease presents with failure to thrive, hypoglycemia, and hepatomegaly?
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Cori's disease (debranching enzyme deficiency)
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What infantile syndrome presents with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, and a structural heart defect?
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Edward's syndrome (trisomy 18)
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The triad of jaundice, RUQ pain, and fever is seen with which condition?
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Ascending cholangitis (Charcot's triad 2)
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Keratin pearls on a skin lesion suggest...
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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What disease may present with a large rash with a bull's eye appearance?
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Lyme disease: Borrelia (known as erythema chronicum migrans)
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What type of brain injury presents with a lucid interval following trauma?
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Epidural hematoma
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What disease would present with recurrent infections and a lack of mature B cells in a male child?
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Bruton's disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
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Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time are seen in...
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Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
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What syndrome presents with multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, and impacted/supernumerary teeth?
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Gardner's syndrome (genetic disorder, predisposes to colon cancer)
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Which syndromes are characterized by necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis?
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Wegener's and Goodpasture's syndromes (hemoptysis and glomerular disease)
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What brachial plexus injury presents with presents in a neonate with arm paralysis following a difficult birth?
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Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6]: "waiter's tip")
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What syndrome in postpartum women present with absent lactation, absent menstruation, and cold intolerance?
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Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction)
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The triad of nystagmus, intention tremor, and scanning speech is seen in what disease?
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Multiple sclerosis (Charcot's triad 1)
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Oscillating slow/fast breathing is known as....
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Cheyne-Stokes respirations (seen with central apnea in CHF or with increased intracranial pressure)
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What disease presents with painful blue fingers/toes and hemolytic anemia?
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Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis)
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What syndrome presents with painful, pale, cold fingers and toes?
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Raynaud's syndrome (vasospasm in the extremities)
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Painful, raised red lesions on palms and soles associated with infective endocarditis are known as....
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Osler's nodes
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Painless jaundice is associated with....
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Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing the bile duct
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What disease presents with palpable purpura, joint pain, as well as abdominal pain if in children?
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Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
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What syndrome is associated with pancreatic, pituitary, and parathyroid tumors?
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Wermer's syndrome (MEN I)
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As opposed to a "blue bloater" this type of patient presents with a pink complexion, dyspnea, and hyperventilation?
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"Pink puffer." (emphysema: centroacinar [smoking], panacinar [alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency)
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This syndrome seen in young girls presents with polycystic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait spots, and short stature.
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McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
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