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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Signs and Symptoms of Breast Cancer
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Abnormality in mammogram
Palable breast lump Dimpling Swelling |
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Risk Factor
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Female, Age, Inherited geneti mutations (BRCA1 and BRCA2
Biopsy-confirmed hyperplasia |
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If M=1 in the grading process what stage would the cancer fall under
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Stage 4
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Metastis of breast cancer
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Bone
Liver Lung Brain |
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Types of primary breast cancer
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Non-invasive and Invasive
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DCIS
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Ductal carcinoma in situ (most common)
Non-Invasive Cancer cells are contained within the ducts |
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Lobular carcinoma in stitu
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Non-Invasive
Contained in the lobules |
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Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
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Begins in the duct and spreads to the fatty tissue of the breast
Can metasize via the lymphative system of blood stream |
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Infiltrating lobular carcinoma
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Begins in the lobuels and invades the fatty tissue of the breast
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Radical Mastectomy
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Removal of breast tissue, pectoralis majory and minor and all the axillary lymph nodes
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Modified radical mastectomy
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Removal of teh breast tissue and some or all of the axillary nodes. Pectoralis major is saved but minor might removed to allow easier access to axillia for dissection.
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Simple Mastectomy
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Removes only the breast tissue itself. Chest wall muscles are spared adn there is no axiallary dissection
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Lumpectomy
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Removal of the tumor and a clean margin of surronding breast tissue. An axillary dissection is performed
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Axillary lymph node dissection
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Removal of axiallay lymph nodes
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Sentinel node biopsy
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Sentinel node is the first node that filtrs fluid draining away from the breast
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Lateral pectoral nerve-Pectoralis major.
Medial pectoral nerve-pectoralis major and minor. Long throracic nerve-serratus anterior. Thoracodorsal nerve-Latissmus dorsi |
Peripheral nerves affected by surgery
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tissue expander
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design to stretch skin and prepare for implants
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Autologous
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Using ones own tissue to reconstruct the breast.
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Pedicle Flap
Tram Flap-affects sitting up Latissimus dorsi flap |
Maintaining the tissue and blood vessel attachments and tunneling the flap under the skin into the breast.
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Free Flaps
Gluteal free flap |
Tissues from the one area of the body are dissected and placed in the chest area with microsurgical techniques to attach blood vessels.
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Surgical Sequelae
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Breast and axillary scar tightness
Upper extremity numbness Neck and shoulder pain Axillary edema upper extremity weakness and limited range of motion |
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Axillary dissection sequelae
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Decresed grip strenth
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Axillary Web Syndrome
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Visable and palpable cords in axilla, antecubital fossa and forearm. Result of tissue tightness and scarring over lymphatics
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