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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Basic Breast Anatomy
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Base extends from ribs 2-6.
Transversally extends from sternum into axilla laterally (axillary process, aka tail of spence) Nipple around 4th intercostal |
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Female Breast made of...
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Glandular tissue (mammary glands), adipose tissue (fat), connective tissue (septa) and skin.
Excretory ducts of glandular tissue open on cone-shaped nipple, surrounded by areola. Areolar glands are protuberances that mark openings of sebaceous glands. |
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Glandular Tissue components
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10-20 individual lobes, each has a lactiferous duct that opens on nipple via lactiferous sinus. Surrounded by firm fibro-fatty tissues, rich in blood supply.
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Retromammary space
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Separates breast from deep fascia, provides some degree of movement. Fascia is on pec major and serratus anterior.
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Suspensory Ligaments (of cooper)
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Mammary glands attached to dermis with these. They are connective tissue septa.
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Neurovascular Supply of breast
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Medial mammary branches off as internal thoracic artery (branch of subclavian).
Lateral thoracic/thoracoacromial branch off of axillary artery. Posterior intercostal arteries branch from aorta. Veins drain breast match arteries. Drain into axillary/internal thoracic veins. |
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Innervation of breast
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Mainly from intercostals (T2-T6).
These are simply ventral rami of spinal nerves. Supraclavicular branches also contribute. |
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Lymphatic Drainage of the breast
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About 75% via lymphatic vessels that drain laterally/superiorly into AXILLARY NODES.
The rest is mostly medial into PARASTERNAL LYMPH NODES. Also can flow to opposite breast. Lower breast drains into abdominal nodes. |
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Axillary Lymphatics
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20-30 axillary lymph nodes, 5 groups.
1) Pectoral (anterior) nodes get the most from breast 2) Humeral (lateral) nodes get most from upper limb 3) Subscapular (posterior) get most from back/shoulder 4) Central nodes are embedded in axillary fat 5) Apical nodes get lymph from other axillary groups Lymph flows from nodes to central to apical. From there, goes to either lymphatic duct (right side) or thoracic duct (left side). These empty into veinous system. |
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Mastectomy
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Can damage long thoracic (since close to medial axilla).
Paralyze serratus anterior, get winged scapula. |
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Breast Cancer
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Tumor growth can block superficial lymphatic channels, get edema (excess subcutaneous fluid). Prominent pores give orange peel appearance.
Tumor growth can pull on and contract connective tissue ligaments. Get deviation of the breast, dimpling of the nipple. Cancer cells can invade retromammary space. Elevate and deviate breast. Indicative of advanced carcinoma. |
