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5 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pathophysiology
Etiology |
Cancer in the brain is more likely due to metastases than primary brain tumors
Cause of the mutations leading to primary brain tumors unknown although radiation treatment, immunosuppression and some genetic disorders associated (neurofibromatosis) Primary tumors originate in the brain from the following (and rarely metastasize): -glial cells -astrocytomas -meningies -schwann cells -ectopic tissues Due to limited space intracranial tumors with accompanying edema may cause increased intracranial pressure. Rise in intracranial pressure may provoke shifting or herniation of tissue |
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Clinical Manifestation
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Generally depends on the size of the tumor
New onset or change in pattern of headaches, gradually becoming more frequent Unexplained nausea and vomiting Gradual loss of sensation of movement in arm or leg Difficulty with balance or speech Confusion Personality changes Seizures Hearing problems |
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Diagnosis
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Neurological exam
-To determine difficulties with hearing, vision, memory, reflex and balance Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -Dye may be injected through a vein in your arm before your MRI. If it's suspected that your brain tumor may be a result of cancer that has spread from another area of your body CT scan of the chest to look for signs of lung cancer. A biopsy can be performed as part of an operation to remove the brain tumor, or a biopsy can be performed using a needle. The biopsy sample is then viewed under a microscope to determine if it is cancerous or benign. |
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Treatment
prognosis |
Treatment and prognosis depends on location of tumor, extent and nature of tumor
Primary tumors treated by surgical resection (excise) whenever possible Radiation – usually effective, but not used in children under 2 due to side effects Chemotherapy – limited use due to blood-brain barrier Palliative care – Anti-convulsants to prevent seizures – Rehabilitation post surgery to help recover any lost function |
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Prevention
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Early detection
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