Brain Stem Lesions

Front 1

dysphagia, dysarthria, hoarseness, paresis of the ipsilateral palatal muscles

Back 1

Nucleus Ambiguus

Front 2

Contralateral loss of pain and temp sensations from the body

Back 2

Spinal Lemniscus

Front 3

Lesion of the Nucleus Ambiguus and the Spinal Lemniscus is located in the...

Back 3

Medulla

Front 4

Lesion of the Nucleus Ambiguus and the Spinal Lemniscus leads to...

Back 4

Nucleus Ambiguus: dysphagia, dysarthria, hoarseness, paresis of the ipsilateral palatal muscles

Spinal Lemniscus: Contralateral loss of pain and temp sensations from the body

Front 5

Ipsilateral loss of pain and temp sensations from the face

Back 5

Descending Tract of V

Front 6

Ipsilateral loss of p/t sensations from the face and the contralateral loss of p/t sensations from the body

Back 6

Alternating Hemianalgesia

Front 7

ipsilateral loss of visceral sensations and reflexes from the palate and pharynx; ipsilateral loss of taste sensations from ½ of the tongue and pharynx

Back 7

Solitary Nucleus

Front 8

Asynergia and hypotonia

Back 8

Spinocerebellar Tracts

Front 9

Lateral Medullary Syndrome (Wallenberg’s or PICA) is located in...

Back 9

Medulla

Front 10

Lateral Medullary Syndrome (Wallenberg’s or PICA) leads to

Back 10

Spinal Lemniscus: Contralateral hemianalgesia of the body

Descending Tract of V: Ipsilateral loss of pain and temp sensations from the face

Alternating Hemianalgesia: Ipsilateral loss of p/t sensations from the face and the contralateral loss of p/t sensations from the body

Glossopharyngeal and Vagus Nerves

Nucleus Ambiguus: dysphagia, dysarthria, hoarseness, paresis of the ipsilateral palatal muscles

Solitary Nucleus: ipsilateral loss of visceral sensations and reflexes from the palate and pharynx; ipsilateral loss of taste sensations from ½ of the tongue and pharynx

Spinocerebellar Tracts: Asynergia and hypotonia

Irritation of the vestibular nuclei may result in nystagmus

Front 11

Deafness and vestibular disturbances

Back 11

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Front 12

Bell’s Palsy

Back 12

Facial Nerve (VII)

Front 13

ipsilateral cerebellar ataxia, intention tremor, dysmetria, and dysdiadochokinesia

Back 13

Cerebellar Peduncles

Front 14

Cerebellopontine Angle (CPA) Syndrome is most often caused by...

Back 14

**Caused by tumors(acoustic neurinoma) compressing the lateral aspect of the pons, cerebellum, and medulla**

Front 15

Cerebellopontine Angle (CPA) Syndrome leads to...

Back 15

Vestibulocochlear Nerve: Deafness and vestibular disturbances

Facial Nerve (VII): Bell’s Palsy

Alternating Hemianalgesia: Ipsilateral loss of p/t sensations from the face and the contralateral loss of p/t sensations from the body

Spinal Lemniscus: Contralateral hemianalgesia of the body

Descending Tract of V: Ipsilateral loss of pain and temp sensations from the face

Cerebellar Peduncles: ipsilateral cerebellar ataxia, intention tremor, dysmetria, and dysdiadochokinesia

Front 16

Benedikt’s Syndrome is a lesion of the

Back 16

Lesion of the Midbrain Tegmentum

Front 17

External Strabismus, papillary dilation and complete ptosis

Back 17

Oculomotor Nerve

Front 18

Contralateral loss of proprioception and 2-point tactile discrimination from the body and limbs

Back 18

Medial Lemniscus

Front 19

ipsilateral oculomotor palsy and contralateral motor dysfunction (tremor, ataxia, or choreiform movements). May also demonstrate spasticity

Back 19

Red Nucleus, Fibers of the superior cerebellar peduncle, and midbrain tegmentum

Front 20

Benedikt’s Syndrome

Back 20

Oculomotor Nerve: External Strabismus, papillary dilation and complete ptosis

Medial Lemniscus: Contralateral loss of proprioception and 2-point tactile discrimination from the body and limbs

Red Nucleus, Fibers of the superior cerebellar peduncle, and midbrain tegmentum: ipsilateral oculomotor palsy and contralateral motor dysfunction (tremor, ataxia, or choreiform movements). May also demonstrate spasticity

Front 21

Paralysis of upward gaze

Back 21

Superior Colliculus

Front 22

concomitant loss of the consensual light reflex

Back 22

Posterior Commissure

Front 23

Parinaud’s Syndrome is a lesion of the...

Back 23

Superior Colliculus

Front 24

Parinaud’s Syndrome

Back 24

Superior Colliculus: Paralysis of upward gaze

Posterior Commissure(may be involved): concomitant loss of the consensual light reflex

Front 25

Unilateral Lesions of the VPM and the VPL nuclei

Back 25

Contralateral Hemianesthesia:
1. Loss of p/t on the opposite side of the face and body
2. Proprioception and tactile discrimination from the contralateral body
3. Proprioception tactile discrimination and taste sensations from the ipsilateral head

Front 26

Unilateral Lesions of the VPM and the VPL nuclei are in the...

Back 26

Thalamus

Front 27

Thalamic Syndrome
(Dejerine-Roussy Syndrome) is in the

Back 27

Thalamus

Front 28

Thalamic Syndrome
(Dejerine-Roussy Syndrome) is in the

Back 28

1. State of constant spontaneous pain without appropriate external stimulus; diffuse
2. Modification of emotional control: Mood swings from laughter to sobbing within short periods of time
3. Contralateral hemihypalgesia (crawling ants), hemiparesis, homonymous hemianopia, or auditory deficits.

Front 29

Ipsilateral paralysis of the muscles of the tongue, and atrophy of the ipsilateral muscles of the tongue

Back 29

Hypoglossal Nerve

Front 30

Contralateral spastic hemiplegia

Back 30

Ipsilateral Corticospinal Tract

Front 31

Alternating Hypoglossal Hemiplegia (A12H) lesion is at the...

Back 31

Medulla at the Olive

Front 32

Alternating Hypoglossal Hemiplegia (A12H)

Back 32

Hypoglossal Nerve: Ipsilateral paralysis of the muscles of the tongue, and atrophy of the ipsilateral muscles of the tongue

Ipsilateral Corticospinal Tract: Contralateral spastic hemiplegia

Front 33

A12H + destruction of the contralateral Corticospinal Tract lesion is at the...

Back 33

Medulla

Front 34

A12H + destruction of the contralateral Corticospinal Tract

Back 34

Hypoglossal Nerve: Ipsilateral paralysis of the muscles of the tongue, and atrophy of the ipsilateral muscles of the tongue

Ipsilateral Corticospinal Tract: Contralateral spastic hemiplegia

Contralateral Corticospinal Tract: Some degree of ipsilateral spastic paralysis

Front 35

A12H + destruction of the ipsilateral Medial Lemniscus is a lesion of the

Back 35

Medulla

Front 36

A12H + destruction of the ipsilateral Medial Lemniscus

Back 36

Hypoglossal Nerve: Ipsilateral paralysis of the muscles of the tongue, and atrophy of the ipsilateral muscles of the tongue

Ipsilateral Corticospinal Tract: Contralateral spastic hemiplegia

Ipsilateral Medial Lemniscus: Contralateral loss of proprioception, 2-point discrimination, and vibratory sensations from the body

Front 37

Alternating Abducent Hemiplegia is a lesion of the

Back 37

Pontomedullary Sulcus

Front 38

Alternating Abducent Hemiplegia

Back 38

Abducens Nerve: Ipsilateral paralysis of lateral gaze and/or internal strabismus

Corticospinal Tract: Contralateral spastic hemiplegia

Front 39

Ipsilateral paralysis of lateral gaze and/or internal strabismus

Back 39

Abducens Nerve

Front 40

Millard-Gubler’s Syndrome
(A6H+7) is a lesion of

Back 40

Pontomedullary Sulcus

Front 41

Millard-Gubler’s Syndrome
(A6H+7)

Back 41

Abducens Nerve: Ipsilateral paralysis of lateral gaze and/or internal strabismus

Corticospinal Tract: Contralateral spastic hemiplegia

Facial Nerve (VII): Ipsilateral facial palsy, loss of taste sensations from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, decreased lacrimation, and hyperacusis

Front 42

Syndrome of Foville

Back 42

Abducens Nerve: Ipsilateral paralysis of lateral gaze and/or internal strabismus

Corticospinal Tract: Contralateral spastic hemiplegia

Ipsilateral Medial Lemniscus: Contralateral loss of proprioception, 2-point discrimination, and vibratory sensations from the body

Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus: Internuclear ophthalmoplegia

Facial Nerve (VII) may be invovled: Ipsilateral facial palsy, loss of taste sensations from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, decreased lacrimation, and hyperacusis

Crossed Corticobulbar Fibers: Denervation of the ipsilateral nucleus ambiguus and hypoglossal nucleus

Front 43

Denervation of the ipsilateral nucleus ambiguus and hypoglossal nucleus

Back 43

Crossed Corticobulbar Fibers

Front 44

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia

Back 44

Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus

Front 45

Alternating Trigeminal Hemiplegia

Back 45

Trigeminal nerve: Ipsilateral loss of all sensations from ½ the face and scalp and paralysis of the ipsilateral muscles of mastication

Corticospinal Tract: Contralateral spastic hemiplegia

Front 46

Ipsilateral loss of all sensations from ½ the face and scalp and paralysis of the ipsilateral muscles of mastication

Back 46

Trigeminal nerve

Front 47

Alternating Trigeminal Hemiplegia is a lesion of the

Back 47

Pons

Front 48

Alternating Trigeminal Hemiplegia with a dorsal expansion

Back 48

Trigeminal nerve: Ipsilateral loss of all sensations from ½ the face and scalp and paralysis of the ipsilateral muscles of mastication

Corticospinal Tract: Contralateral spastic hemiplegia

Medial Lemniscus: Contralateral loss of proprioception, 2-point discrimination, and vibratory sensations from the body and limbs

Destruction of the UNCROSSED corticobulbar fibers: Denervation of the contralateral cranial nerve nuclei-Abducens nucleus, ½ of facial nucleus results in a paralysis of the mimetic muscles on the lower half of the face (Supranuclear facial palsy), hypoglossal nucleus, and nucleus ambiguus

Front 49

Denervation of the contralateral cranial nerve nuclei-Abducens nucleus, ½ of facial nucleus results in a paralysis of the mimetic muscles on the lower half of the face (Supranuclear facial palsy), hypoglossal nucleus, and nucleus ambiguus

Back 49

Destruction of the UNCROSSED corticobulbar fibers

Front 50

Alternating Oculomotor Hemiplegia
(Weber’s Syndrome) is a lesion of the

Back 50

Midbrain

Front 51

Alternating Oculomotor Hemiplegia
(Weber’s Syndrome)

Back 51

Oculomotor Nerve: External Strabismus, papillary dilation, and complete ptosis

Corticospinal Tract: Contralateral spastic hemiplegia

Substantia Nigra: Contralateral resting tremor

Destruction of the UNCROSSED corticobulbar fibers: Denervation of the contralateral cranial nerve nuclei-Abducens nucleus, ½ of facial nucleus results in a paralysis of the mimetic muscles on the lower half of the face (Supranuclear facial palsy), hypoglossal nucleus, and nucleus ambiguus

Front 52

Contralateral resting tremor

Back 52

Substantia Nigra

Front 53

Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia

Back 53

Lesion of the Medical longitudinal fasciculus(MLF) leading to MR palsy on lateral gaze, nystagmus in abducting eye. Seen in MS

Front 54

Chorea

Back 54

Basal Ganglia

Front 55

Athetosis

Back 55

Basal Ganglia

Front 56

Hemiballismus

Back 56

Contralateral subthalamic nucleus