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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Broca's Area
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(Non-fluent) Motor aphasia. Poor speech. Comprehension Intact.
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Wernicke's Area
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(Fluent) Sensory aphasia. Poor comprehension, neologisms. Speech intact.
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Arcuate Fasciculus
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Conduction Aphasia. Connects Wernicke's and Broca's. Poor repetition
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Amygdala (bilateral)
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Hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibition (Kluver-Bucy syndrome)
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Frontal Lobe
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Disinhibition. Personality changes and deficits in concentration, orientation, and judgment.
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Right Parietal Lobe
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Spatial neglect syndrome. Agnosia of left side of world.
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Reticular activating system (midbrain)
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Reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness
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Mamillary bodies (bilateral)
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Confusion, confabulation, ophtalmoplegia, ataxia. (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome)
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Basal Ganglia
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Rest tremor, chorea, athetosis
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Cerebellar Hemisphere
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Intention tremor, limb ataxia, ipsilateral deficits, fall TOWARD side of lesion
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Cerebellar Vermis
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Truncal Ataxia and dysarthria
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Subthalamic Nucleus
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Contralateral Hemiballismus
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Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation
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Eyes Look Away from side of lesion
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Frontal Eye Fields
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Eyes Look Toward Lesion
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Global Aphasia
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Poor Speech (Broca's) and Poor Comprehension (Wernicke's)
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Conduction Aphasia
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Poor Repetition, but intact speech and comprehension.
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Berry Aneurysm of Posterior Communicating Artery
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CN III Palsy
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Berry Aneurysm of Anterior Communicating Artery
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Bitemporal Hemianopsia (runs just anterior to optic chiasm)
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Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Infarct
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Nystagmus (CN VIII), Ipsilateral Ataxia, Nausea, Vomiting, Horner's Syndrome. Wallenberg Syndrome
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Lenticulostriate Artery Infarct
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Pure Motor Hemiparesis. Caused by HTN. Lenticulostriate supplies internal capsule and basal ganglia.
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Thalamic Artery Infarct
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Due to chronic HTN. Loss of all contralateral sensory information (motor can be included; normally in same distribution)
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Charcot-Bouchard Aneurysms
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Associated with Chronic HTN.
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Epidural Hematoma
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Middle Meningeal Artery
Lucid Interval Ass'd with fx of temporal bone Biconvex Disk (does not cross sutures) |
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Subdural Hematoma
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Rupture of Bridging Veins.
Common in elderly with falls due to brain atrophy and stretching. Also alcoholics and shaken baby. Crescent-shaped. |
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Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
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Rupture of aneurysm or AVM
Bloody or yellow spinal tap (xanthochromia) RISK OF VASOSPASM 2-3 days after. Treat with Ca channel blockers "Worst headache of my life" Contrast in CSF on CT |
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Parenchymal hematoma
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Charcot Bouchard aneurysms.
HTN, DM, and tumors |
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Ischemic Stroke
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Emboli block large vessels.
Etiologies: A-fib, Carotid dissection, PFO, endocarditis tPA within 3 hours (can lead to hemorrhagic stroke) |
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Hydrocephalus
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"Wet, Wobbly, Wacky"
Wet = Urinary Incontinence Wobbly = Ataxia Wacky = Dementia Normal Pressure (Communicating) = due to ↓ absorption of CSF by arachnoid granulations. Post Meningitis |
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Obstructive Hydrocephalus
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Structural blockage of CSF. Such as stenosis of one of the communications between the ventricles.
LV-->3 = Foramen of Munro 3-->4 = Aqueduct of Sylvius 4-->SubArach Space = Lateral - Luschka; Medial - Magendie |
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Top 2 causes of Seizures in Children
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1. Genetic
2. Infection |
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Top 2 causes of Seizures in Adults
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1. Tumor
2. Trauma |
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Top 3 Causes of Seizures in Elderly
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1. Stroke
2. Tumors 3. Trauma |
