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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Skull
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1. Neurocranium 'br box'
2. Facial sk -> bones o nose, mouth orbit |
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Neurocranium (8 bones)
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frontal
2 parietal 2 temporal occipital sphenoid ethmoid |
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Skull Fractures (4)
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1. DEPRESSED FRACTURE - bone depressn
2. LINEAR SKULL FRACTURE (commonest) - 2 lines radiate 3. COMMINUTED - broken sev pieces 4. COUNTERBLOW - fracture @opp side to blow |
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PTERION
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overlies MMA
@Zygometric Arch: *2 finger breadth sup *1 thumb breadth post -> MMA rupture -> epidural hematoma -> untreated? death w/in hrs |
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MENINGES
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1)DURA
2)ARACHNOID 3)PIA |
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DURA
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thick conn tiss
periosteum of skull |
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ARACHNOID
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thin + collagenous
attached to Dura |
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PIA
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thin + collagenous
att to CNS |
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3 Meningeal Spaces
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1) EXTRADURAL - btw cr bones + dura (path)
2) EPIDURAL - btwe parietal and meningeal dura (path) 3) SUBARACH - btw arach + pia (true - filled w CSF) |
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Dural Septa (reflections)
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FALX CEREBRI - sep R+L cerebral hemispheres
TENTORIUM CEREBELI - sep occipital lobe from brstem + cerebellum |
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Dural Venous Sinuses
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receive all venous drainage of bl:
SUP SAG SINUS TRNSV SINUSES |
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Arach Villi
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outpocketing of arach through Venous Sinus
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Blood Source:
MMA Dural Venous Sinus Cerebr art/V |
Bleeding/Hematoma:
Epidural Sub/Epi dural Subarach hmrrg |
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Herniations
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from on intracr compart to another bc dura are tough,
but BR SOFT + SQUISHY |
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Ventricles + communications
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2 lat
(IV foreamen) 3rd V (cerebral aqueduct) 4th V |
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Ventricle fn
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make CSF (clear, colourless, low pr)
exits via 3 apetures: 2 lat 1 median |
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Choroid Plx
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formed where Ependyma (lines CNS) meets Pia
NO NEURAL TISS INTERFERES Here, chr epith forms (secretory) In all 4 ventricles (lat v's make most) |
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Choroid Epith
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Have tight jns
Secrete CSF |
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Choroid Caps
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perm to solutes
Plasma solutes move out and are STOPPED @tight jns Thus CSF promopted to be actively secreted into ventricles |
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CSF Circulation
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pushed by New CSF:
Exits 4th V Enters Subarach Space @ Arach Vili diffuses (subarach P>venous bl P) |
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CSF fns
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1. decrease wt of CNS ('CNS floats' in CSF) allowing meninges to supp it
2. Regulates ECF of n's 3. 'Spatial Bufferring' -br box only allows enter when sthing exits -each HB pumps bl into br -CSF sloshes in+out of foramen magnum w each HB |
