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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Intracellular and extracellular edema
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Hypoxia - vasodilation and Na/K atpase malfunctioning
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ICP sign
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Papilledema, headache projective vomitting WITHOUT NAUSEA sinus bradycardia hypertension herniation
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psuedotumor cerebri
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CSF preassure over 2x lowered protein
-from decreased reabsorption, vit A overdose |
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Uncal Herniation
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Ipsilateral CNIII
Contralateral Peduncle ->Ipsilateral hemiparesis Ipsilateral PCA -> Contralateral hemiparesis Possible durets-> decorticate DDX- tonsilar ehmorraghe - out the foramen magnum -> cardiorespiratory arrest |
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CSF chacter
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Low protein and glucose, no cells, high CL-
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Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus
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Aqueduct of Sylvius stricture MCC in infants - have SC compression -> paralysis of upward gaze aka Parinaud (SC, CNIII EW damage)
-Tb base of the brain scarring -epenymoma or medulloblastoma Ddx hydo ex vacuo - from dementai when brain mass decrease increases ventricle |
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ARnold Chiari
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Caudal extension of medulla and cerebellar ermis through foramen magnum -> noncomm hydro, platybasia, meningmyelocele, sytignomyelia
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Dandy Walker
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Foramen M and L often closed
hypoplasia of cerebellar vermis Cystic dilation of 4th venticle Noncommunicating hydrocephalus |
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Syringomyelgia
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Capelike loss of pain and Temp
Assoicated with A-C malformation Hx: burn without noticing, or confusion wiht ALS due to atrophy of hand muscles |
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Huntington Disease
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Atrophy of caudate putamen GP-loss of GABA ->Excitotoxic
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Freidrich's ataxia
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Cerebellum -ataxic gaate
posterior and lateral olums of spinal cord - diminish jon sensation, spasticicty Peripheral neuropathy Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy******and kyphoscolisis FRataxin |
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ALS
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familial - bad SOD1 -> free radical injury of neurons
spastic, weaknes and atrophy eventaully paralyze resporatory muscles |
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Wednig hoffman disease
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LMN disoder called SMA in children
"floppy baby" |
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Sx of AIP
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Neuro dysfucnction - acute abdomen
Surgical abdomen looking - bellyful of scars Psychosis neuropathy dementia |
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W-K
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hemorraghe and himsoiderin at mamillary bodeies, euronal loss gliosis
wernick - confusion ataxia vertical ystagmus, opthalmoplegia Korsakoff - limbic system target- antero and retero grade amnesia |
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Brain tumor
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Adult - supratneroial-GBM meningioma Epndymoma schwanomma
Chilcren - Cystic cerebllar astrocytoma medulloblastoma (both these two in cerebellum) brainstem glioma -vascularization effect grade RF - turcot, NF, cigarette |
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GBM
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white matter location - florid asculatoure, pseuopallisding snake lie apperance- seed the neuraxis via CSF but rarely outside
-often de novo can be differentation of low grade - butterfly glioma GFAP positive |
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Menigioma
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NF association, arachnoidal origin, deltion of C22 (NF2 gene without NF)**
-only benign psammoma (also in ovarian and thyroid) |
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Ependyomoma
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4th ventirlc kids or cadua equina in adults
Perivascular psuedorosstes with proceses |
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Medulloblastoma
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small cell pnet tumor
-external granular cell layer of cerebellum in the midline- seeds neuraxis thus FOURTH VENTRICL DDX |
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Oligodendroglioma
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Frontal lobe with calcifiction
fried egg look slow grower |
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CNS lymphoma
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B cell NHL
AIDS and EBV |
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Metastasis of the brain
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MCC - well circubumscribed
-lungs, breast melanoma - grey white junction |
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Hemangioblastoma
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VON HIPPEL LINDAU ASSOCIATION
-EPO foamy cell with high vascularity also in spine and retina-> vision loss common*** |
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Peripheral Neuroathy
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MCC diabetes
also diphateriae, havy metals, amyloid, isonazid, vincristine, hydralyzine |
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Charcot Marie Tooth
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Most common herditar neurpathy, autosomal dominat
-peroneal nerve atrophay - lower leg muscle atrophy - inverted bottle apperance- CANT DORSIFELX |
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Guillan Barre
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mC acute peripheral
-mycoplasma, campylobacter precede it -ascending motorweakness high CSF protein normal cells --> oligocolnal bands Rx plasmapheresis |
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Unilateral facial paralysis
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Bell's pasy - HIV sarcoid or LYME
- lyme can cause bilateral*** |
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Scwannoma
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NF assoication- cerebellopontine angle
C-100 positive since neural crest associated*** CNV chnages due to impingement, tinnitus and enlarged meatus -zerbra pattern with antoni a and B alternationg |
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Meniere Disease
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Endolymph increase in inner ear -> loss of cochlea - dizziness vertigo spells
Weber lateralize but rhine normal since bone and air equal reduction |
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Osteosclerosis
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Fusion of middle ear ossicles- conduction deafness in elderly MCC...lateralize and bone > air
Perbyscusis - cohclera hair degeneration mCC of sensorinueal deafness in elderly |
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Otitis medica
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MCCC of conduction deafness in children - SPneumoniae, F flu, moraxella
External otitis - outer ear canal -psuedomona staph aspergillus Malignant - DM |
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Ophatlmia neonatorum
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Neisseria first wek chlymidia second
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Orbital Cellulitis
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S, pneumona or H flu - secondary to sinusitis - proptosis, periorbital swelling,opthalmoplegia, normal retinal exam
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Glaucoma open vs closed
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Open - decrease rate of outflow from schlemm, pathological CUPPING of disc, night blindness and tunnel viion
Acute closd - uveitis, maybe from a mydriatic agent, lens displcation - PUPIL FIXED and nonreactive |
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uveitis
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SARCOID, ulcerative colitis, ankylosing spondylitis - uveal tract (iris ciliary body choroid) pain blurry vision mitoic pupil, adhesions, normal presure
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Macular Degeneration
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Permant visual loss in elderly
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Cotton wool exudates
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CMV retinintis - ganciclovir or foscarnet
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Cataracts
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Opacity in lens - advaced age, diabetes, RUBELLA CMV, corticosteroids
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TUmor of the eye
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RB or melanoma
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