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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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destruction leads to anorexia
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lateral area of hypothalamus
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leptin inhibits
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lateral area of hypothalamus
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leptin activates
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ventromedial area
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destruction leads to hyperphagia
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ventromedial area
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helps to tell your body to cool down
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anterior hypothalamus - parasympathetic
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tells your body to warm up
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posterior hypothalamus - sympathetic
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coordinates sexual urges in brain
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septal area of hypothalamus
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circadian rhythm
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suprachiasmatic nucleus
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supraoptic nucelus of hypothalamus secretes
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ADH
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paraventricular hypothalamus secretes
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oxytocin
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lateral geniculate body
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relay area for vision (projects optic radiations to occipital cortex)
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medial geniculate body
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relay area for sound
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ventral postero-lateral nucleus
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body sensation (proprioception, pressure, pain, touch, vibration via dorsal columns and spinothalamic tract)
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ventro postero-medial nucleus
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facial sensation via CN V
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ventral anterior/lateral nuclei
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motor
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blood supply of thalamus
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posterior communicating, posterior cerebral and ICA (anterior choroidal arteries)
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damaged in Kluver Bucy syndrome
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amygdala
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hippocampus lesion
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affects anterograde amnesia
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papez circuit
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for emotional component of memory: hippocampus --> fornix --> mamillary body --> ant nucleus of thalamus --> cingulate gyrus --> enterohinal circuit --> HC
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limbic system handles
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fight, fleeing, feeding, feeling, sex
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deep nuclei of cerebellum
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dentate, emboliform, globose, fastigial
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medial cerebellar damage
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propensity to fall towards injured side
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vestibulocerebellar pathway function
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mantains equilibrium, regulates coordinated eye movement
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spinocerebellar pathway function
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modulates velocity and intensity of stereotypic movements to ensure smoothness and maintains muscle tone
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pontocerebellum
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participates in planning and programming of skilled or leanred mvt which improves with practice (dentate nucleus assoc)
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direct pathway activated putamen function
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blocks globus pallidus internal
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block globus pallidus
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cannot block thalamus --> movement
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direct pathway pars compacta of substantia nigra (dopamine)
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activates putamen
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substantia nigra action on D1, D2
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excites direct (D1 receptor), inhibits indirect (D2 receptor)
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indirect activated putamen
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secretes GABA to inhibit Globus pallidus externus
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normal function of globus pallidus externus
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blocks subthalamic nucleus
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unblocked subthalamic nucleus
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releases glutamate to activate Globus pallidus internus
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activated globus pallidus internus
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use GABA to block thalamus
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loss of subthalamic nucleus
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contra hemiballism
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What is destroyed in wilson's disease that causes Parkinsonium symptoms?
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putamen
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increase dopamine, decrease AcH and GABA
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huntington's disease
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disinhibition and deficits in concentration, orientation, and judgement
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frontal lobe
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spatial neglect syndrome (agnosia of contralateral side of the world)
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right parietal lobe if non dominant
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confusion, opthalmoplegia, ataxia with memory loss, confabulation and personality changes
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mammillary bodies
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reduced levels of arousal and wakefullness
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reticular activating system
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agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosia, L->R disorientation
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left parietal lobe loss
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tremor at rest, chorea or athetosis
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basal ganglia
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truncal ataxia, dysarthria
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cerebellar vermis damage
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eyes look away from side of lesion
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paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF)
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eyes look down
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frontal eye fields (area 8) damage
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loss of upward gaze
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superior colliculus damage
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acute paralysis, dysarthria, dysphagia, diplopia, LOC
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central pontine myelinosis
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nonfluent aphasia with intact comprehension
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broca's area - inferior frontal gyrus
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fluent aphasia with impaired comprehension
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wernicke's area - suprerior temporal gyrus
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poor repetition but fluent speech, intact comprehension
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arcuate fasciculus which connects Broca to Wernicke
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damage to anterior spinal artery
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contralateral hemiparesis (lower extremities due to loss of corticalspinal tract)
decrease contralateral proprioception (medial lemniscus) ipsilateral paralysis of hypoglossal nerve |
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contralateral loss of pain and temperature (spinothalamic problem)
ipsilatearl dysphagia hoarseness decrease gag reflex, vertigo, diplopia, nystagmus, vomiting ipsilateral Horner's ipsilateral facial pain and temperature loss, trigeminal nucleus loss, ipsilateral ataxia |
posterior inferior cerebellar artery loss (wallenberg's syndrome)
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ipsilateral facial paralysis
ipsilateral cochlear nucleus damage vestibular nystagmus ipsilateral loss facial pain and temperature ipsilateral dystaxia (MCP, ICP) |
anterior inferior cerebellar artery (lateral infeerior pontine syndrome)
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contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparring
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posterior cerebral artery
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contralateral face and arm paralysis and sensory loss, aphasia in dominant sphere, left-sided neglect
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MCA
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leg-foot area of motor and sensory cortices loss
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ACA
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most common site of circle of willis aneurysm
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anterior communicating artery
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common area of aneurysm in general
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posterior communicating artery
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CN III palsy (ptosis, all eye mvmt except superior oblique and lateral rectus damaged so you look down and out; ciliary muscle dilation
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posterior communicating artery
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supplies internal capsule, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus
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lateral striate from MCA
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