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180 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Question
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Function
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abducens nerve (VI)
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controls the lateral movement of the eye
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Anterior commissures
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interhemispheric communication
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arachnoid mater
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protects CNS structures
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Arbor vitae
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brings sensory and motor information to and from the cerebellum.
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Axon
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conducts nerve impulses.
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cavernosal sinuses
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Drains blood and CSF into the internal jugular vein.
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Central Canal
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Storage and circulation of CSF.
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Central sulcus (of rolondo)
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separates the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe
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Cerebellar cortex
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coordinates fine movements
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Cerebellum
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regulation and coordination of movement, posture, and balance.
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cerebral aqueduct
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stores and circulates CSF, connects 3rd and 4th ventricles
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cerebral peduncle
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carries information about movement
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choroid plexuses
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produces CSF in the ventricles
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confluence of sinuses
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connects superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, and occipital sinus
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Corpora quadigemina
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vision and hearing reflexes
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Corpus calosum body (trunk)
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interhemispheric communication
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Corpus calosum genu
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interhemispheric communication
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Dorsal gray commissure
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allows communication between the lateral sides of the spinal cord
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dorsal gray matter
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involved in sensory perception
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Dorsal median sulcus
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divides dorsal white columns
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dorsal rami
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carry motor and sensory information to and from the skin and muscles of the back.
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dorsal root ganglion
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relay sensory information into the CNS
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Dorsal roots
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Transmit pains and temperature sensation from the body
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dorsal white mater
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carry information either up or down the spinal cord.
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dura mater
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protective barrier to the CNS
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endoneurium
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interstitial connective tissue in a peripheral nerve, separating individual nerve fibers
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ependyma
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circulate CSF around the central nervous system
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epidural space
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provides cushioning protection for the spinal cord
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epineurium
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surrounds peripheral nerve, contains blood vessels that supply the nerve
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Facial Nerve (VII)
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control facial muscles and relay sensation from the taste buds
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falx cerebri
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separates the two hemispheres of the brain
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fascicle
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Transmits nervous impulses.
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Fornix
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carries signals from the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies
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Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
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sensory and motor fibers of the tongue, soft palate, pharynx, and parotid gland.
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Gray Matter
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Neural tissues with cell bodies and few myelinated axons
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hypoglossal nerve (XII)
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swallowing and moving the tongue
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hypohysis (pituitary gland)
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secretes nine hormones that regulate homeostasis.
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hypothalamus
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link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland
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Inferior colliculi
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auditory pathway & startle reflex
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infundibulum
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connection between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary
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interventricular foramen (of Monro)
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allow CSF produced in the lateral ventricles to reach the third ventricle
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lateral gray matter
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spinal cord locations that conduct the motor impulses to the smooth muscles
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Lateral sulcus (of Sylvius)
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divides the frontal lobe and parietal lobe above from the temporal lobe below
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lateral white matter
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carry information either up or down the spinal cord.
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Lobe, frontal
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lobe associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving
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Lobe, insula
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perception, motor control, self-awareness, cognitive functioning, and interpersonal experience
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Lobe, occipital
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associated with visual processing
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Lobe, parietal
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lobe associated with movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli
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Lobe, temporal
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associated with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech
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Longitudinal fissure
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deep groove which separates the two hemispheres
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Mammillary body
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processing of recognition memory
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Massa intermedia (interthalamic adhesion)
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connects the two cerebral hemispheres through the 3rd ventricle.
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myelin
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salutatory nerve impulse conduction.
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node of Ranvier
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uninsulated area of axon capable of generating electrical activity
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Oculomotor nerve (III)
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nerve that controls the muscles that move the eyeballs.
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Olfactory bulbe
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the perception of odors
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Olfactory tract
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the perception of odors
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optic chiasms
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where the optic nerves (CN II) partially cross
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optic nerve (ii)
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transmits visual information from the retina to the brain
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optic tract
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continuation of the optic nerve
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Perineurium
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protective sheath around fasicles
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Pia mater
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protective barrier to the brain
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pineal gland/body (cerebri epiphysis)
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Produces the serotonin
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postcentral gyrus
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location of primary somatosensory cortex, the main sensory receptive area for the sense of touch
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Posterior Commissures
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fibre tracts that connect the two cerebral hemispheres
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precentral gyrus
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plan and execute movements
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Pyramids
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Contain motor fibers that connect the brain with the medulla oblegonta
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Ramaus communicans
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carries information to and from interceptors, smooth muscle visceral organs & glands
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Schwann cell (neurilemmocyte)
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rapid transmission of impulses in the PNS
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septum pellucidum
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separates the left and right lateral ventricles
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sigmoid sinus
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Drains blood and CSF into the internal jugular vein.
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somatic motor (efferent) cell bodies
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innervate the skeletal muscles
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somatic sensory (afferent) cell bodies
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conduct impulses of pain, touch and temperature from the surface of the body
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spinal accessory nerve (XI)
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nerve that commands the movement of the neck
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Spinal nerves
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transmit information to and from the PNS and the CNS.
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straight sinus
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Drains blood and CSF into the internal jugular vein.
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subarachnoid space
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contains CSF, separates the pia mater from the arachnoid
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Subdural space
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artificial space created by the separation of the arachnoid mater from the dura mater
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Superior colliculi (2)
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receive input from the eyes
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superior petrosal sinus
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Drains blood and CSF into the internal jugular vein.
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superior sagittal sinus
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Drains blood and CSF into the internal jugular vein.
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superior temporal gyrus
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Sensation of sounds, processing of speech
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sympathetic chain
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allows nerve fibers to travel to other spinal nerves
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sympathetic ganglia
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delivers information to the body about stress and impending danger
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Tectal lamina (or plate)
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responsible for auditory and visual reflexes.
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tentorium cerebelli
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sheet of dura mater separating the cerebrum from the cerebellum.
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Thalamus
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regulation of consciousness, sleep and alertness
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transverse sinus
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Drains blood and CSF into the internal jugular vein.
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Trigeminal nerve (V)
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nerve that provides sensation in the face
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trochlear nerve (IV)
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innervates the superior oblique muscles of the eyeballs.
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vagus nerve (X)
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nerve motor impulses to the vocal cords
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vaso nervorum (blood vessel)
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provide blood supply to peripheral nerves
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Ventral gray Commissure
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allows communication between the lateral sides of the spinal cord
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ventral gray horns
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involved in muscle control
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ventral median fissure
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divides ventral white columns
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ventral rami
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innervation of the extremities
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Ventral Root
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bring information to the periphery from cell bodies within the CNS
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ventral white columns
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carry information either up or down the spinal cord.
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ventral White commissure
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allows communication between the lateral sides of the spinal cord
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Ventricles
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Stores and circulates CSF
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vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
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Provides Hearing and Balance
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visceral motor cell bodies
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innervates visceral organs
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visceral sensory cell bodies
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measures temperature
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White Matter
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Neural tissues with myelinated axons
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Storage and circulation of CSF.
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Nerve Slides (c.s. and l.s.)
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Axon
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conducts nerve impulses
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Endoneurium
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surrounds and supplies nerve fibers
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Epineurium
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surrounds and supplies fasicles
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Fascicle
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conducts nerve impulses
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Myelin
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increases the speed at which impulses propagate
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Node of Ranvier
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allows for salutatory conduction
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Perineurium
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protective sheath around fasicles
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Schwann cell (neurilemmocyte)
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nerve development and regeneration,
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Vaso nervorum
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provide blood supply to peripheral nerves
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Eye Models and slides
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Anterior and posterior chambers
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surrounds the iris
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Anterior cavity
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houses aqueous humor
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aqueous humor
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Maintains the intraocular pressure and inflates the globe of the eye.
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Choroid coat
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provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina
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Ciliaris (ciliary muscle)
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shapes the lens to focus light on the retina
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Ciliary body
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accommodation, aqueous humor production
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Ciliary processes
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produce aqueous humor.
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Cornea
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Together with the lens, refracts light
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Corneal epithelium
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acts as a barrier to protect the cornea
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excretory ducts of lacrimal gland
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convey tears to the surface of the eye
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Extrinsic muscles (recti and obliques)
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control the movements of the (human) eye
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Fovea centralis
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responsible for sharp central vision (reading)
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Iris
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controlling the diameter and size of the pupils
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lacrimal canaliculi
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drain tears from the eye's surface
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Lacrimal gland
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secretes the tears,
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lacrimal sac
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drains the eye of any debris
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Lens
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helps to refract light to be focused on the retina
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Ocular (bulbar) conjunctiva
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helps to prevent the entrance of microbes into the eye
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optic disc (blind spot)
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entry point for the major blood vessels that supply the retina.
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Optic nerve
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transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.
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ora serrata
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point where the choroid and retina end, no function noted
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Palpebral conjunctiva (on inner surface of eyelids)
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helps to prevent the entrance of microbes into the eye
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Pigmented layer of retina
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nourishes retinal visual cells
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Posterior cavity
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Houses viterous humor
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Pupil
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allows light to enter the retina
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Retina
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transfers visual images to nerve impulses
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Rods and cones layer
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detects light
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Sclera
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protects the eyeball.
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Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)
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collects aqueous humor and delivers it into the bloodstream
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Suspensory ligaments
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hold the lens in place.
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vitreous humor
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helps keep the retina in place
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Ear Models and Slides
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Ampulla
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equilibrium
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Ampulla with crista ampullaris
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sense angular acceleration and deceleration.
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Auditory or Eustachian tube
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allowing pressure to equalize between the middle ear and throat.
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Auditory ossicles: malleus, incus, stapes
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transmit sounds from the air to the cochlea
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Basilar membrane
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helps transfer of sound waves to the brain
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Cochlea
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large structure that coverts sound waves to electrical signals
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Cochlear branch
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branch that carries signals from the cochlea of the inner ear to the brain.
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Cochlear duct (scala media)
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duct that houses the organ of Corti
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External auditory canal
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produce cerumen (earwax)
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External ear
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receiver for sound
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maculae
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allows a person to perceive changes in longitudinal acceleration as well as effects of gravity
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Middle ear
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transfers sound waves in air to waves in fluid
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Organ of Corti, hair cells
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transduces pressure waves to action potentials
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Oval window
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transmit the sound vibrations from the stapes to the cochlea
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Pinna (auricle)
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collect sound
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Round window
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allows fluid in the cochlea to move
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saccule
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translates head movements into neural impulses
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Semicircular canal (perilymph)
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detects head movements
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Semicircular duct (endolymph)
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detects head movements
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Spiral ganglion
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nerve cells that send a representation of sound from the cochlea to the brain
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Tectorial membrane
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covers the organ of corti, exact function debated
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Tensor tympani muscle
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to dampen sounds
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Tympanic duct (scala tympani)
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transduce the movement of air to movement of liquid and the basilar membrane
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Tympanic membrane
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transmit sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear
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Utricle
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stimulate hair cells to detect motion and orientation
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Vestibular branch
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carrying information about balance
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Vestibular duct (scala vestibuli)
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conducts sound vibrations to the cochlear duct
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vestibular ganglion
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receives positional information
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Vestibular membrane
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Separates the Vesibular (perilymph) duct from the Cochlear Duct (endolymph)
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Vestibule
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balance
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Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
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transmitting sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain
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