Brain Development And Beh Sci Stuff

Front 1

Reptiles, fish amphibians have essentially brain-stem function (body functions- HR, breathing, etc.) plus simple stereotyped behaviors. These are governed by the oldest part of the brain...

A. archicortex
B. paleomammalian cortex
C. neomammalian cortex

Back 1

A. archicortex

Front 2

What is the paleomammalian cortex, present in primitive mammals, and just about the archicortex core, comprised of?

Back 2

Limbic system, cerebellum, and areas responsible for temp reg and other bodily functions.

Front 3

___________ regulates emotional reactions which are much more complex in mammals than in insects, reptiles or birds.

A. Cerebellum
B. Hypothalamus
C. Limbic

Back 3

C. Limbic


This is also the area involved in emotinal disorders for humans.

Front 4

___________ controls fine motor control like tree climbing, balance and dexterity.

A. Cerebellum
B. Hypothalamus
C. Limbic

Back 4

A. Cerebellum

Front 5

What is the newest area of the brain?

A. archicortex
B. paleomammalian cortex
C. neomammalian cortex

Back 5

C. neomammalian cortex

which consists of the thalamus and cerebral cortex.

Front 6

The paleomammalian cortex is comprised of [ cerebellum / cerebral cortex / limbic system / thalamus] and other bodily function things (ie. temp) while the neomammalian cortex is comprised of [ cerebellum / cerebral cortex / limbic system / thalamus] .

Back 6

Paleomammalian cortex: cerebellum and limbic system

Neomammalian cortex: thalamus and cerebral cortex

Front 7

Brain growth is NOT steady. Which of the following is FALSE?

A. There is a spurt at around age 2 and again between ages 3-5yrs.
B. Most brain growth takes place before 4.5 yrs of age.
C. There is a decrease in rate of growth between 5-6 years
D. The increase in brain size is related to an increase in the number of neurons and supporting glial cells and myelination.

Back 7

D. While is is true that part of the increase in brain size is related to increase in supporting glial cells and myelination, it is not true that the neuron number increases. On the contrary, it is CHANGES IN THE ORGANIZATION AND SIZE OF NEURONS rather than increase in number, that accounts for brain growth.

Front 8

What are the two basic cell types in the nervous system?

Back 8

Neurons and glial cells (supporting cells which include myelin).

Front 9

The time between the [ # ] month and age [ # ] is when there is the most intense growth and organization of synapses. At birth the brain weighs ____% of adult weight, at [ the age above] it is ____% of its adult size.

Back 9

7 month ; 2 years.

@ Birth 25% , @ 2 yrs 75%

Front 10

True or False:
As connections are established in the brain, fatty myelin cells form around the axons insulating them, allowing for more rapid transmission of electrical impulses. Speed and efficiency increase through mid to late adolescence. As myelination proceeds, new functions develop.

Back 10

TRUE. Ex .at around age 1 the pyramidal tracts in the spinal cord become myelinated and this is when most infants start to walk.

Front 11

Brain circuits are organized and specialized through pruning. Which of the following is an example of something for which there is a "critical period"?

A. Vision
B. Memory
C. Learning

Back 11

A. Vision. "IN infants born with cataracts, if these are not removed by age 2, vision will not develop, even if the cataracts are removed later in life. Other functions are less influenced by such critical periods, for example, memory and learning. p.44

Front 12

Production of synapses in the visual and auditory cortices peak at ____________ at which time pruning begins.

A. ~ 3 months
B. ~6 months
C. ~ 12 months

Back 12

A. ~ 3 months

Language circuits are overproduced until the end of the first year and then pruning of these result in the restriction of language noted below.

Front 13

True or False:

Synaptic overproduction, myelination and pruning in the neocortex, which controls higher cognitive functions, continues through late adolescence.

Back 13

True

Front 14

Which side of the cerebral cortex is responsible for language function?

Back 14

Left cerebral cortex.

Front 15

What is the idea of plasticity?

Back 15

The brains of young children are able to develop new pathways and that the human brain develops over many years and can be influenced by the quality of interactions with the environment.

Front 16

In infancy, there are two patterns of development for sensory and motor functions. Name them and their time periods.

Back 16

In the first 3 months, greatest development is in the motor cortex areas controlling head, upper trunk and arms.

Between 3 months to 1 year the areas controlling the legs and hands show the most development.

(The sensory cortex shows same sequence but lags until about age 2 when catches up.)

Front 17

Babies can be conditioned to empty their bladders when placed on a potty but voluntary control does not occur until ____________. Thus the areas of the cortex corresponding to bladder emptying develop sooner than those for voluntary control.

Back 17

15-18 months (sometimes up to 3 yrs!)

Front 18

For adolescence, there seem to be 2 periods of rapid brain development that seem to correspond to changes in thinking process. At about what ages would this be?

Back 18

Adolescence brain wave activity changes/ brain development at 10-12 years and 14-16 years. There is the sense that this change in brain organization makes the switch to formal operations possible.

Front 19

True or False:

There is no support for the notion that children do not learn as well when their brains are growing slowly.

Back 19

True. P. 46

Front 20

There are periods of rapidly increasing myelin formation in particular brain systems. Three are important in language development. These are called the____________ cycles.

Back 20

Myelogenetic cycles.

First is archicortex and limbic system - starts before birth and ends in early infancy. Associated with development of babbling.

Second is in higher brain regions- begins at about birth to about 1.5 or 4.5 yrs. Is associated with speech development in infancy and preschool years.

Third cycle is in the association areas of the cortex and is related to intelligence and memory- begins at birth thru adolescence.

Front 21

Some association areas are particularly important for speech development. Broca's area, located on [what area of the brain] is responsible for aspects of speech. If there is damage in this area, what results?

Back 21

Broca's area = left frontal lobe (adjacent to part of the motor cortex that controls the lipds, tongue, soft palate and vocal cords. Damage results in slow, labored speech as in stroke victims.

Front 22

Some association areas are particularly important for speech development. Wernicke's area, located on [what area of the brain] is responsible for aspects of speech. If there is damage in this area, what results?

Back 22

Wernicke's area is in the left temporal lobe. Damage here results in fluent speech with minimal content and poor comprehension (common in severe alcoholics).

Front 23

When this area between Broca's and Wernicke's areas is damaged, fluent but abnormal speech occurs and the individual can understand words but not repeat them.

Back 23

Arcuate fasciculus.

Front 24

When the Arcuate fasciculus is damaged, what occurs?

Back 24

fluent but abnormal speech occurs and the individual can understand words but not repeat them.

Front 25

By what age do babies' sound recognition become increasingly restricted to just those sounds in the child's primary language / language(s) she hears?

Back 25

1 year.

Front 26

Certain kinds of memory in humans are associated with preserved components of each of these evolutionary brain regions (archicortex, paleomammalain cortex, neomammalain cortex). Which would relate to autonomic processes?

Back 26

archicortex

Front 27

Certain kinds of memory in humans are associated with preserved components of each of these evolutionary brain regions (archicortex, paleomammalain cortex, neomammalain cortex). Which would relate to certain rpocedural patterning like nursing, mothering, and play patterns?

Back 27

paleomammalian cortex

Front 28

Certain kinds of memory in humans are associated with preserved components of each of these evolutionary brain regions (archicortex, paleomammalain cortex, neomammalain cortex). Which would relate to complex memory functions, association and language?

Back 28

neomammalian cortex

Front 29

Memory, like other functions, develops in spurts related to ________ maturation.

Back 29

CNS

Front 30

For infants, memory is short. A one month old remembers a mobile for _______ and a 6 month old can recall an object seen for a few minutes for up to _________.

Back 30

1 month old: remembers for 24 hours.

6 month old: several weeks

Front 31

What three areas of the brain MUST be functioning for pattern recognition?

Back 31

Parietal lobe, thalamus and midbrain.

Front 32

True or False:

Occipital lobe is where visual word forms are developed.

Back 32

True

Front 33

Which hemisphere is better for mental imagery and arranging shapes?

Back 33

Left!

Front 34

Where are semantic language tasks processed?

A. left anterior frontal lobe
B. left temporal lobe
C. left tempoparietal cortex
D. left supramarginal and angular gyri

Back 34

A. left anterior frontal lobe

Front 35

Where does auditory memory and attention (tasks such as digit span recall) occur?


A. left anterior frontal lobe
B. left temporal lobe
C. left tempoparietal cortex
D. left supramarginal and angular gyri

Back 35

D. left supramarginal and angular gyri

Front 36

True or False:

In general, children's short term memories are as good or better than adults for things they understand. However, they are easily prone to suggestion, which can affect the accuracy of their recall.

Back 36

True


(hence the controversies around child testimony in court)

Front 37

Piaget noted that we reconstruct the past as a function of the present and that there may be no such thing as pure memories. All memories of childhood may be created from later events interwoven with fantasy. just for fun

Back 37

just for fun

Front 38

According to Freud, the mind is divided into two parts and three areas of mental functioning. List em.

Back 38

Mind: conscious / unconscious

Mental Functioning: Id (primitive, animalistic) , ego (best foot forward), supergo (conscience, makes us feel guilty for thinking bad thoughts).

Front 39

List Freud's somatic theory stages.

Back 39

o 1st: Oral stage
• connects mouth to biological need to eat
o 2nd: Anal stage
• potty training angst
o 3rd: Oedipal / Phallic stage / Electra complex
• pre-occupation with genitals (own and others’)
o 4th: Latency stage
• ~6-11 years: sexual and aggressive drives of earlier years are subordinated to child’s developing interests in other children, activities and school

Front 40

List Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development including ~ age and describe each stage.

Back 40

Birth – 2 yrs: Sensorimotor stage Infant learns about the world exclusively thru senses and motor abilities

~2yrs to ~ 6yrs : Preoperations stage Child develops ideas about how things work though they view the world from a self-focused perspective and cannot deal with much complexity

Grade School yrs : Concrete Operations Stage Child begins to think logically, systematically, and with purpose

Early Adolescence: Abstract Operations Individual can think ahead, understand or at least want to understand more complex and abstract ideas

Front 41

Erik Erikson believed that an individual’s psychological development had strong biological underpinnings but also that the individual’s social environment and culture played a critical role in shaping personality
In contrast to Freud, Erikson proposed 8 stages of development (didn’t stop at adolescence but went all the way to senescence), and outlined that each period of life had critical events and challenges encapsulated in two contrasting mental states per stage. List the stages and ideal outcomes.

Back 41

Trust vs. Mistrust --> hope
Autonomy vs. Doubt --> will
Initiative vs. Guilt ---> purpose
Industry vs. Inferiority ---> competence
Identity vs. Role Confusion --> identity and fidelity
Intimacy vs. Isolation --> love
Generativity vs. Stagnation --> caring for others?
Ego Integrity vs. Despair --> Wisdom

Front 42

List the desired outcome for each Erikson stage listed below:

Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs. Doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Ego Integrity vs. Despair

Back 42

Trust vs. Mistrust --> hope
Autonomy vs. Doubt --> will
Initiative vs. Guilt ---> purpose
Industry vs. Inferiority ---> competence
Identity vs. Role Confusion --> identity and fidelity
Intimacy vs. Isolation --> love
Generativity vs. Stagnation --> caring for others?
Ego Integrity vs. Despair --> Wisdom

Front 43

What Erikson stage is described below? What is the desired outcome for the stage?

Helpless, the infant must rely on others to live. A warm, nurturing environment yields trust in the world and people in it. A neglected, abused, poorly taken care of infant will develop mistrust in the world.

Back 43

Trust vs. Mistrust
Ideal Outcome: hope

First year of life. (1st stage)

Front 44

What Erikson stage, age and desired outcome is associated with the description:

Child learns of elimination and can either feel self-control or shame-filled.

Back 44

1-3 yrs. Autonomy vs. Doubt
Ideal outcome: will (2nd stage)

Front 45

What Erikson stage, age and desired outcome is associated with the description:

Child takes to exploring and engaging with the world. Children learn about reprimands for doing things prohibited.

Back 45

3-6 yrs. Initiative vs. Guilt
Ideal outcome: purpose (3rd stage)

Front 46

What Erikson stage, age and desired outcome is associated with the description:

Children learn to do things at school like read, write and other activities that adults value.

Back 46

6-12 yrs. Industry vs. Inferiority. Ideal outcome: competence (4th stage)

Front 47

What Erikson stage, age and desired outcome is associated with the description:

A life-long search for intimacy, fearing isolation.

Back 47

Early adulthood. Intimacy vs. Isolation. Outcome: Love (6th stage)

Front 48

What Erikson stage, age and desired outcome is associated with the description:

Career established, family might be growing or grown and this period of life is about caring for others.

Back 48

30-60 yrs. Generativity vs. Stagnation. (7th stage)

Front 49

What Erikson stage, age and desired outcome is associated with the description:

Mature person whose life’s work is almost over. Struggles to maintain sense of ego and integrity against increasing potential for despair of impending end.

Back 49

60+ yr old. Integrity vs. Despair. Desired outcome: wisdom (8th stage)

Front 50

What Erikson stage, age and desired outcome is associated with the description:

Adolescent years. Stable sense of identity instead of Role confusion. Fidelity established towards a chosen value system.

Back 50

Identity vs. Role Confusion
Ideal outcome: Identity and Fidelity


(5th stage)

Front 51

The newborn reflex of stepping disappears when?

Back 51

• Stepping (Disappears in a few months.)
- hold baby up with feet on flat surface and she will make rhythmic leg movements.

Front 52

The newborn reflex of grasping disappears at ______ b/c at this point they grasp voluntarily.

Back 52

3-4 months

Front 53

The newborn reflex of Crawling disappears at _______ by but returns at _______ as voluntary crawling starts.

Back 53

disappears 3-4 months, comes back 6-7 months

Front 54

Rooting disappears at ____.

Back 54

3-6 months

Front 55

Moro reflex disappears at ________.

Back 55

6-7 months

Front 56

Babinski reflex disappears at ______ months.

Back 56

8-12 months

Front 57

Which persists longer as a newborn reflex: crawling or Moro?

Back 57

Moro persists longer till 6-7 months whereas crawling is only till 3-4 months.

Front 58

The newborn's ________ is the least developed sense.

Back 58

vision! They are born very nearsighted.

Front 59

By ____ months, babies can usually sit up unassisted.

Back 59

~ 6 months

Front 60

Infants by ____ months will become very attached to a few specific people and develop stranger anxiety when a new person comes along. This persists until ~ _____ age.

Back 60

~ 7 months will become attached; persists until about ~ 18 months.

Front 61

When does the core gender identity come into play?

A. 12 months of age
B. 18 months of age
C. 24 months of age

Back 61

B. ~ 18 months of age there is an ingrained sense of maleness or femaleness

Front 62

What is the idea of "fast mapping"?

Back 62

Language development system during preschool years. Is the process whereby kid picks up new words. This is when the child learns a new word after only one hearing. The child connects any new word with meaning and into a category of words already learned.

Front 63

In the preschool years, what stage of Piaget's system would a child be in?

Back 63

Preoperational Stage.

o Piaget found the pre-school child no longer used trial-and-error to problem solve but rather imitated much more of what they observe, and they engage in pretend play.
o Children can focus on one aspect of a problem, and usually only one. Famous example= liquid transfers to differently shaped beakers
o Child is egocentric at this time- views the world from his/ her own perspective
o Precausal- cause and effect relationships are not well understood

Front 64

Modern research shows that sex-role identification in preschool years was derived mostly from:

A. Innate biological manifestations
B. peer group interactions
C. parental attitudes and behaviors

Back 64

C. parental attitudes and behaviors

Front 65

Contrast girls' sex-role identification versus boys' sex-role identification.

Back 65

Girl’s primary definition of self depends on empathy and affiliation whereas boy’s identities are achieved through separation/ differentiation process.

Front 66

What stage, according to Erikson's system, would a preschool child be?

Back 66

Initiative vs. guilt with desired outcome of purpose.

Front 67

True or False:

According to Erikson, adolescent years are formative for much of later life because this is when you can "rework" prior stages.

Back 67

True. o Ex, struggle for Autonomy. Initially in 2 yr olds, resurfaces as adolescents as they assert who they want to be rather than follow what adults want
o Ex, Initiative. As teens try new ideas for expression such as music.
o Ex. Industry. As a school age child, but now as adolescent must do so to get into college and attain future life goals.


**** COALESCENCE of all these tasks yields IDENTITY FORMATION WHICH IS NECESSARY FOR ADULTHOOD TO COMMENCE.

***When this integration does not occur, ROLE CONFUSION OCCURS, and the needed outcome of FIDELITY to a system of idoloegical framework is absent.

Front 68

Object permanence occurs at what age?

Back 68

~ 8 months

Front 69

When does the developmental milestone: the social smile develop?

Back 69

2-4 months

Front 70

When does gray hair, wrinkles, stooped posture start to occur?

A. Young Adulthood
B. Middle Adulthood
C. Older Adulthood

Back 70

A. Young Adulthood.

p.56

Front 71

Compare and contrast Fluid Intelligence with Crystallized Intelligence.

Back 71

Fluid Intelligence is considered to be a reflection of internal neurological processes, not affected by experience, and represents the individual's ability to problem-solve thru reasoning and abstracting. Crystallized intelligence, on the other hand, is defined as what is learned thru experience, education, acquisition of specific skills and information.

Front 72

When is a person's fluid intelligence highest?

A. Adolescence
B. Young Adulthood
C. Middle Adulthood
D. Older Adulthood

Back 72

B. Young Adulthood

Front 73

Which defense mechanism does this describe:

Avoiding Personally unacceptable emotions by behaving in an attention-getting, often socially inappropriate manner.

Back 73

Acting Out

Front 74

Which defense mechanism does this describe:

Assisting others to avoid negative personal feelings (a relatively "mature" defense mechanism).

Back 74

Altruism

Front 75

Which defense mechanism does this describe:

Not accepting aspects of reality that the person finds unbearable.

Back 75

Denial

Front 76

Which defense mechanism does this describe:

Moving emotions from a personally intolerable situation to one that is personally tolerable

Back 76

Displacement

Front 77

Which defense mechanism does this describe:

Mentally separating part of one's consciousness from real life events or mentally distancing oneself from others.

Back 77

Dissociation

Front 78

Which defense mechanism does this describe:

Expressing personally uncomfortable feelings without causing emotional discomfort (a relatively "mature" defense mech)

Back 78

humor

Front 79

Which defense mechanism does this describe:

Unconsciously patterning one's behavior after that of someone more powerful (can be either positive or negative)

Back 79

identification/ introjection

Front 80

Which defense mechanism does this describe:

using the mind's higher functions to avoid experiencing emotion (as in the captain explaining in detail why his boat is sinking)

Back 80

intellectualization

Front 81

Which defense mechanism does this describe:

Failing to experience the feeling associated with a stressful event, although logically understanding the significance of the event

Back 81

Isolation of affect

Front 82

Which defense mechanism does this describe:

attributing one's own personally unacceptable feelings to others. (associated with paranoid symptoms and prejudice)

Back 82

projection

Front 83

Which defense mechanism does this describe:

Distorting one's perception of an event so that its negative outcome seems reasonable

Back 83

rationalization

Front 84

Which defense mechanism does this describe:

adopting opposite attitudes to avoid personally unacceptable emotions (ie. unconscious hypocrisy)

Back 84

reaction formation

Front 85

Which defense mechanism does this describe:

Reverting to behavior patterns like those seen in someone of a younger age

Back 85

regression

Front 86

Which defense mechanism does this describe:

categorizing people or situations in extremes because of intolerance of ambiguity. (seen in pts with borderline personality disorder)

Back 86

splitting

Front 87

Which defense mechanism does this describe:

Expressing a personally unacceptable feeling in a socially useful way ( a relatively "mature" defense mech)

Back 87

sublimation

Front 88

Which defense mechanism does this describe:

Deliberately pushing personally unacceptable emotions out of conscious awareness

Back 88

Supression

Front 89

Which defense mechanism does this describe:

Believing that one can magically reverse past events cause by "incorrect" behavior by now adopting "correct" behavior

Back 89

undoing

Front 90

In the heirarchy of Ego Defense Mechanisms, what are the more mature defense mechanisms and which levels do they belong to?

Back 90

Level V, the highest level, has humor.

Level IV, the second highest, has sublimation, altruism, suppression / postponement.

Front 91

Also in Young Adulthood is the concept of The Family Cycle. There are three phases to the Family Cycle that are included in Young Adulthood: Establishment Phase, New Parents Phase, Child-Rearing Phase. Describe each.

Back 91

Establishment Phase= marriage and functioning as a dyad. The other phases are pretty much what the names say.

Front 92

Where is long term memory based?

Back 92

Hippocampus
p.64

Front 93

How long does short-term memory store things for? What area of the brain is it in?

Back 93

30 seconds, based in the basal ganglia and frontal lobes

p. 64

Front 94

What is long-term potentiation?

Back 94

When memories move from working/short term memroy to long term memory via practice and association.

Front 95

What is declarative memory and nondeclarative memory? Where are they located?

Back 95

These are two types of long term memory. Declarative memory is a form of long term memory used to relate diverse info that can be used flexibly and is available to conscious awareness and verbal report. It consists of sematic memory (facts and concepts) and episodic memory (for times and places). Declarative memoroy is based in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Nondeclarative memory, aka procedural memory are things that can operate outside awareness (driving, playing piano)

Front 96

True or False:

Executive function refers to cognitive processes that support strategic organization and control other processes that are important in complex, goal oriented tasks.

Back 96

True

Long term and working memory often depend on executive functions because strategic processes are required for task performance.

Front 97

In Middle Adulthood, brain functioning seems to decrease. Name some findings. (hint: 4)

Back 97

- Blood flow seems to drop most in the frontal cortex.
- dopamine receptor activity decreases AND MAO B, which breaks down dopamine increases, further decreasing dopamine levels
- decayed portions of dendrites increase (neurofibrillary tangles)
- clusters of damaged neurons form (senile plaques)

Front 98

Name the six aspects that might have an impact on memory changes brought about with aging. (hint: education, exercise, rest...)

Back 98

Education- use it or lose it more quickly
Exercise walking 3x a week for 45 mins improves age-related declines
Rest- 8 hours to protect against chronic illness
HTN - speeds up normal brain shrinkage, esp in hippocampus
Stress- in small amts can improve memory but in large amounts can damage neurons in hippocampus
Weight - lower can be protective

Front 99

In the older years, unless which two things have been achieved, there is no sense of peace or contentment. (hint: Erikson component)

Back 99

generativity and intimacy

p.68

Front 100

Which of the following is NOT a factor that Valliant's studies found emotional health at age 65 linked to:
A. Early traumatic life experiences correlated to poor adaptation in older years
B. Having been close to one's siblings during college years correlated to positive adaptation in older years
C. Having been depressed between 21 and 50 correlated to poor adaptation in older years

Back 100

A. Early traumatic life experiences correlated to poor adaptation in older years

This WAS NOT TRUE according to Valliant's study! p. 68-9

Front 101

According to Valliant's study, what two personality types, when present at younger ages, led to a sense of well-being after age 65?

A. Dependability and Pragmatism
B. Industriousness and Competency
C. Realistic and Constructive

Back 101

A. Dependability and Pragmatism

p.69

Front 102

True or False:

The aging population in this country is the fastest growing and possibly the most politically powerful.

Back 102

True.

The most effective approach to their health care is one which is comprehensive: it must involve their families, knowledge of their life stories, SES conditions, and constant attention to helping them feel that they are in control of their own lives.

Front 103

Dr. Elizabeth Kubler-Ross identifies stages of that people going through terminal illness/ other hard event experience. List all 5 of em.

Back 103

- Denial
- anger (can cover up helplessness)
- bargaining
- depression (preparatory depression- think your T.I.P skills)
- acceptance

Front 104

True or False:

Most elderly abuse occurs in an institutional rather than residential setting.

Back 104

FALSE. Most elderly abuse occurs in the residential rather than institutional setting. 20% is physical, 45% is neglect.

Front 105

True or False:
Risk factors associated with the abuser rather than the victim is more easily identifiable.

Back 105

True. No consistent characteristics for victims have been identified among any of the studies! Some common reasons: financial dependency, emotional reasons, alcoholism, psychiatric disease or deviant behaviors the caretaker has.

Front 106

What is one of the most important clues pointing to elderly psychological abuse?

Back 106

Emotional suffering

Front 107

What is a consideration physicians must take when reporting elder abuse as supposed to child abuse?

Back 107

There must be a balance between protecting the abused and respecting the victim's autonomy and privacy who has denied abuse or does not want anything done. It is important to evaluate all the potential consequences that the victim perceives will result from abuse disclosure and attempt to understand the victim's perspective.

Front 108

True or False:
Often second marriages do not work out - the divorce rate is higher for second marriages than first marriages.

Back 108

True.

Front 109

What is the average age of the new stepchild?

Back 109

9 years old.

The stepchild may provoke the stepparent to act in ways that further alienate the child. Stepchildren tend to leave home- running away, joining the military, marrying, moving out - earlier than do children living with one or both biological parents.

Front 110

True or false:

Divorce in middle adulthood is generally more difficult than divorce in early adulthood.

Back 110

TRUE. Loss of self-esteem is greater, chances of remarriage are smaller. Middle-aged person experience greater loneliness and deeper depression. These characteristics are more magnified if the person was defined by their marital relationship.

Front 111

Compare and contrast divorced older men to divorced older women. (These ppl became divorced much earlier in life.)

Back 111

The women who suffered social isolation and financial stress as younger single mothers often experience improved quality of life as their social circles widen and as their children and grandchildren grow older. In contrast, many divorced older men fall into social isolation from their children, grandchildren and former friends, thereby predisposing them to more physical and psychological maladies.

Front 112

What percentage of medical students experience symptoms consistent with moderate to severe depression (impacts function)? What percentage of med students acknowledge significant depression?

Back 112

14% experience symptoms, 30% acknowledge signif depression

Front 113

Depression, treated best with combo of psychotherapy and pharmacology, has an ______% cure rate.

Back 113

85%

p.78

Front 114

True or False:
Physicians have a higher rate of suicide than the general population.

Back 114

True

Front 115

Describe the seven basic threats of illness:
- threat to narcissitic integrity
- reactivation of early guilt/shame
- fear of loss / approval
- separation anxiety
- fear of loss of control
- fear of loss or injury to bodily parts
- fear of strangers

Back 115

see p. 81 -2 in syllabus