Brain & Cranial Nerves

Front 1

What makes up the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Back 1

brain and spinal cord enclosed in bony coverings

Front 2

What does PNS stand for and what is in it?

Back 2

Peripheral Nervous System includes nerve (bundle of axons in connective tissue) and ganglion (swelling of cell bodies in a nerve)

Front 3

What does the PNS do?

Back 3

Sensory portion; sends information in the CNS.
Motor portion: send info from the CNS to nerves

Front 4

What are the two divisions of the PNS? and what do they do?

Back 4

Somatic system - voluntary muscle movement (skeletal)
Autonomic NS - involuntary muscle movement (smooth and cardiac)

Front 5

Describe the two subdivisions of the ANS.

Back 5

Sympathetic (fight or flight)
Parasympathetic (rest or digest)

Front 6

Define Sulci(Sulcus), Fissures, and Gyri(Gyrus).

Back 6

Sulci(Sulcus) - "valleys"
Fissures - very deep sulci
Gyri(Gyrus) - "bumps"

Front 7

What sulcus divides the frontal and parietal lobes?

Back 7

Central Sulcus

Front 8

What sulcus divides frontal and parietal lobs from the temporal lobe?

Back 8

Lateral Sulcus

Front 9

What divides the left and right cerebral hemispheres?

Back 9

Longitudinal Fissure

Front 10

What divided the cerebellum from the rest of the brain?

Back 10

Transverse Fissure

Front 11

Define the Meninges and each layer.

Back 11

Meninges surround the brain and act as shock absorbers, protecting the brain from trauma within the cranium.
Dura Matter - (tough mother) stingiest layer; t layers of leathery fibrous connective tissue.
Arachnoid Mater - (spider mother) web like extensions that secure blood vesicles
Pia Mater - (gentle mother) thin layer of connective tissue that attaches to the brain.

Front 12

What is the strongest layer of the meninges?

Back 12

Dura Mater

Front 13

What is the deepest layer of the meninges?

Back 13

Pia Mater

Front 14

What layer of the meninges contains blood vesicles ?

Back 14

Arachnoid Mater

Front 15

What is the deepest typer of matter?

Back 15

White matter

Front 16

Define White matter.

Back 16

Bundles of axons (forms tracts that connect parts of the brain.

Front 17

Define grey matter.

Back 17

contains neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses.
forms cortex over cerebrum and cerebellum.
forms nuclei deep within the brain.

Front 18

Why so many folds in the brain?

Back 18

increases surface area.

Front 19

Functions of the frontal lobe

Back 19

voluntary motor functions, planning, mood, smell, and social judgment

Front 20

Functions of the parietal lobe.

Back 20

received and integrates sensory information

Front 21

Function of Occipital lobe.

Back 21

Visual center of the brain

Front 22

Function of temporal Lobe.

Back 22

areas for hearing, smell, learning, memory, emotional behavior

Front 23

Location of the diencephalon.

Back 23

the central core of the forebrain

Front 24

The 3 grey mattered structures of the diencephalon. and what they do.

Back 24

Thalamus - 80% of the diencephalon. Nearly all sensory information converges here. Responsible for mediating sensation, motor activities, learning, MEMORY.
Hypothalamus - control center for the ANS and endocrine system; homeostatic roles
Pineal Body/Gland - secretes melatonin (sleep hormone) and serotonin (mood)

Front 25

What is responsible for learning and memory?

Back 25

Thalamus/diencephalon
Hypothalamus also memory

Front 26

What is responsible for hormone regulation?

Back 26

Hypothalamus

Front 27

What is responsible for thermoregulation, and cardiac rhythms?

Back 27

Hypothalamus

Front 28

What is responsible for sleep cycle and mood?

Back 28

Pineal gland

Front 29

Describe Pituitary Glands functions.

Back 29

Responsible for the release/storage/production of hormones.

Front 30

What controls the functions of the endocrine glands?

Back 30

Pituitary gland

Front 31

How do signals get to the thalamus?

Back 31

From the limbic system to the Fornix to mammillary bodies, to thalamus ( all diencephalon )

Front 32

Parts of the seahorse.

Back 32

Mane - (large) corpus collosum
(small) fornix
(neck hair) pineal body
Face - thalamus
Nose - hypothalamus
bubble gum - pituitary glans
double chin - mammilary body
Neck - midbrain
Tummy - Pons
Tail - medula oblonata

Front 33

What is the structure in the cerebellum that looks like a tree and what is it made of?

Back 33

The arbor vitae is made of white matter

Front 34

Functions of the cerebellum.

Back 34

Evaluate sensory input, timekeeping center, distinguish pitch and words, planning and scheduling tasks

Front 35

What is responsible for coordination and locomotor ability?

Back 35

cerebellum

Front 36

what is responsible for predicting movement of objects?

Back 36

cerebellum (timekeeping center)

Front 37

Brain Stem areas and their functions.

Back 37

Midbrain(neck) - contains cerebral aqueduct and corpora quadrigemina
Pons(tummy) - pathway in and out of the cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata (tail) - ascending and descending nerve tracts

Front 38

Responsible for the reflex of turning your head when you hear a sound.

Back 38

Corpora Quadrigemina

Front 39

Name the centers of the Hindbrain (medulla).

Back 39

Cardiac - rate and force of heart
Vasomotor - adjusts blood vessel diameter
Respiratory - rate and depth of breathing
Reflex - coughing, sneezing, gagging, swallowing, vomiting, salivation, sweating, movements of tongue and head

Front 40

Where is the third ventricle?

Back 40

single vertical space under corpus callosum,

Front 41

Where is the 4th ventricle?

Back 41

chamber between pons and cerebellum.

Front 42

Where is the central canal?

Back 42

Runs down through spinal cord.

Front 43

Where is the cerebral aqueduct?

Back 43

runs through midbrain

Front 44

What creates cerebrospinal fluid?

Back 44

choroid plexus

Front 45

Functions of cerebrospinal fluid.

Back 45

Fill ventricles and subarachnoid space. Floats brain, cushions from hitting inside of skull, chemical stability ( rinses away wastes )

Front 46

How many pairs of cranial nerves in the brain?

Back 46

12 pairs

Front 47

where do cranial nerves exit the brain?

Back 47

foramina; lead to muscles, glands and sense organs in head and neck.

Front 48

What is the mnemonic for remembering all the cranial nerves in order?

Back 48

Oh, Oh, Oh! To Touch And Feel Very Good Vagina. Ah Hell.

Front 49

What is the mnemonic for remembering the cranial nerves signals?

Back 49

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Boobies Matter Most.

Front 50

Name cranial nerves I, II, III
Oh, Oh, Oh!

Back 50

(I)Olfactory, (II)Optic, (III)Oculomotor

Front 51

Name cranial nerves IV and V.
To Touch. and their functions

Back 51

(IV) Trochlear-eye movement, (V) Trigeminal-sensory to face and chewing muscles (tri for the V card criminal)

Front 52

Name cranial nerves XI and XII.
Ah Hell! and their functions

Back 52

(XI) Accessory - swallowing, head and shoulder movement(taps) (XII) Hypoglossal - tongue movements for speech, food manipulation and swallowing

Front 53

Name cranial nerve X.
and function

Back 53

(X) Vagus - controls organs - if both are cut you will die

Front 54

What cranial nerves are responsible for eye movement?

Back 54

Oculomotor(III), Trochlear(IV)superior, Abducens(VI)lateral

Front 55

Describe functions of the facial nerve (VII)

Back 55

taste, facial expressions, glands, salivary, nasal palatine

Front 56

What nerve is responsible for hearing and balance?

Back 56

Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

Front 57

What nerve is responsible for taste(post1/3), swallowing, salvation, gagging.

Back 57

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Front 58

Damaging what nerve will cause drooping of eyelid, dilated pupil, double vision, in ability to move eye in some directions?

Back 58

(II) Oculomotor Nerve

Front 59

Damage to what nerve causes a lazy eye?

Back 59

(VI) Abducens Nerve

Front 60

Damage to what muscle causes bells palsy?

Back 60

Facial

Front 61

Where is the worst place in the brain to be stabbed

Back 61

Medulla -