Brain & Behavior Ch 8

Front 1

single neuron and the muscle fiber it innervates

Back 1

motor unit

Front 2

proteins that provide the physical basis for muscle contractions

Back 2

actin and myosin

Front 3

__ muscles act to bend a joint, while __ muscles act to straighten or extend the joint

Back 3

flexor, extensors

Front 4

any two muscles whose contraction produces the same movement

Back 4

synergistic muscles

Front 5

any two muscles that act in opposition to each other

Back 5

antagonistic muscles

Front 6

stimulus of simple/knee jerk reflex

Back 6

tap on tendon stretches muscle

Front 7

receptor in knee jerk reflex

Back 7

stretch receptor of muscle spindle

Front 8

what happens when the knee tendon stretches the spindles of the thigh muscle in the knee jerk reflex

Back 8

sends a signal TO spinal cord, connects to motor neuron (spindle afferent neurons)

Front 9

what happens after the motor neuron receives the message from the spinal cord

Back 9

muscle motor neurons fire in thigh, causes thigh muscle to contract, extending lower leg

Front 10

the withdrawal reflect is not a __ effect (it involves reciprocal innervation)

Back 10

monosynaptic

Front 11

receptors sensitive to position and movement of a part of the body

Back 11

proprioceptors

Front 12

responsible for the force exerted by contraction of a skeletal muscle

Back 12

extrafusal muscle fibers

Front 13

movements that are executed as a whole; once initiated, can't be corrected; do not involve sensory feedback

Back 13

ballistic movement

Front 14

movements that can be corrected, adjusted; involve sensory feedback

Back 14

guided movement

Front 15

neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junction

Back 15

acetylcholine

Front 16

motor effect of production of involuntary movements

Back 16

hyperkinetic

Front 17

loss of motor ability, rigidity

Back 17

hypokinetic

Front 18

syndrome characterized by unwanted tics and vocalizations; treated with DA antagonist

Back 18

Tourette's syndrome

Front 19

inability to do repetitive movements

Back 19

dysidaochokinesia

Front 20

part of motor cortex whose function is decisions to initiate voluntary movements

Back 20

dorsolateral prefrontal association cortex

Front 21

part of motor cortex involved in programming specific patterns of movements into complex sequences of behaviors

Back 21

secondary motor cortex

Front 22

part of motor cortex that is in charge of movement of entire body parts independent of other parts

Back 22

primary motor cortex

Front 23

neurons that fire when an indiv. performs a particular goal-directed movement or when indiv. observes it performed by another indiv.

Back 23

mirror neurons