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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a deficiency in the awareness of parts of one's own body (result of damage to right parietal lobe, loss of left side of body)
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asomatognosia
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members of the same species
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conspecifics
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incidental nonadaptive evolutionary by-products
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spandrels
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characteristics that evolved to perform one function and were later co-opted to perform another (ex: bird wings)
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exaptations
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structures that are similar because they have a common evolutionary origin
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homologous
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structures that are similar but DO NOT have a common evolutionary origin
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analogous
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evolution in unrelated species of similar solutions to the same environmental demands
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convergent evolution
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folds on the cerebral surface to increase the volume of the cerebral cortex
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convolutions
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one male, more than one female
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polygyny
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one female, more than one male
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polyandry
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enduring bonds between one male and one female
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monogamy
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two genes that control the same trait
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alleles
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humans have ___ pairs of chromosomes
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23
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cell division that produces gametes (egg and sperm cells)
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meiosis
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fertilized egg cell that has full 23 pairs of chromosomes, one set from egg cell and one from sperm cell
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zygote
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each strand of DNA is a sequence of _____ (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine) attached to a chain of phosphate and deoxyribose
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nucleotide bases
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when two strands of original DNA unwind and attract loose complementary bases; when complete, two DNA molecules, each identical to the first, will have been created
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replication
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typical chromosomes which come in matched pairs (exception is ____)
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autosomal chromosomes; sex chromosomes
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genes that contain the information necessary for the synthesis of a protein
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structural genes
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long chains of amino acids
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proteins
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strand of transcribed RNA that carries the genetic code from the nucleus of the cell
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messenger RNA
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genes that determine whether or not each of its structural genes initiates the synthesis of a protein (gene will be expressed) and at what rate
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operator genes
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contains uracil instead of thymine and has phosphate and ribose backbone
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RNA
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each group of three consecutive nucleotide bases along the messenger RNA strand
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codon
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first process in gene expression when DNA base-sequence code changes to an RNA base-sequence code
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transcription
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second process in gene expression when RNA base sequence code changes to a sequence of amino acids
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translation
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development of individuals over their life span
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ontogeny
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evolutionary development of species through the ages
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phylogeny
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neurological disorder transmitted by a single gene mutation that develops only in homozygous individuals which results in abnormal brain development (mental retardation, vomiting, seizures, hyperactivity, hyperirritability); treated by a special phenylaline-restricted diet at birth
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phenylketonuria (PKU)
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the period, usually early in life, during which a particular experience must occur to have a major effect on the development of a trait
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sensitive period
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growth of new neurons
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neurogenesis
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identical twins
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monozygotic twins
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fraternal twins
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dizygotic twins
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