Brain & Behavior Ch. 10

Front 1

mass of cells that grows independently of the rest of the body

Back 1

tumor

Front 2

tumors that grow within their own membrane; affect brain by exerting pressure on surrounding tissue

Back 2

encapsulated tumor

Front 3

tumors that are surgically removable with little risk of future growth in the body

Back 3

benign

Front 4

tumors that grow diffusely through surrounding tissue

Back 4

infiltrating tumor

Front 5

tumors that are difficult to destroy or remove completely, and any cancerous tissue that remains continues to grow

Back 5

malignant

Front 6

tumor that does not originate in the brain, rather travels to it by the bloodstream from some other part of the body

Back 6

metastatic tumor

Front 7

sudden on-set cerebrovascular disorder that causes brain damage

Back 7

stroke

Front 8

two types of stroke, resulting from ___ __ and ___ __

Back 8

cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral ischemia

Front 9

bleeding in the brain that occurs when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures and blood seeps into the surrounding neural tissue and damages it

Back 9

cerebral hemorrhage

Front 10

pathological balloon-like dilation that forms in the artery at a point where the elasticity of the artery wall is defective

Back 10

aneurysm

Front 11

disruption of the blood supply to an area of the brain

Back 11

cerebral ischemia

Front 12

three main causes of cerebral ischemia

Back 12

thrombosis, embolism, arteriosclerosis

Front 13

plug is formed and blocks blood flow at site of its formation

Back 13

thrombosis

Front 14

plug is carried by blood from a larger vessel where it was formed to a smaller one where it becomes lodged

Back 14

embolism

Front 15

walls of blood vessels thicken and channels narrow, can lead to complete blockage

Back 15

arteriosclerosis

Front 16

closed-head injury that involves damage to the cerebral circulatory system

Back 16

contusion

Front 17

localized collection of clotted blood in an organ or tissue (bruise)

Back 17

hematoma

Front 18

when a blow causes the brain to strike the inside of the skull on the other side of the head

Back 18

contrecoup injury

Front 19

disturbance of consciousness following a blow to the head without any evidence of a contusion or other structural damage

Back 19

concussion

Front 20

dementia and cerebral scarring due to repeated concussion

Back 20

punch-drunk syndrome

Front 21

inflammation caused by a brain infection

Back 21

encephalitis

Front 22

bacteria that attacks and inflames the meninges

Back 22

meningitis

Front 23

syndrome of insanity and demential that results from a syphilitic infection

Back 23

general paresis

Front 24

viral infection with affinity for nervous system transmitted through an animal bite

Back 24

rabies

Front 25

viruses that can attack the nervous system but don't have any particular affinity toward it

Back 25

mumps, herpes

Front 26

chronic insanity produced by a neurotoxin

Back 26

toxic psychosis

Front 27

genetic disorder caused by a genetic accident, resulting in mental retardation and abnormal facial features

Back 27

down syndrome

Front 28

programmed cell death

Back 28

apoptosis

Front 29

diagnosis of ___ given to patients whose seizures are generated by their own chronic brain dysfunction

Back 29

epilepsy

Front 30

psychological changes just before a convulsion

Back 30

epileptic auras

Front 31

seizure that does not involve the entire brain

Back 31

partial seizure

Front 32

partial seizures whose symptoms are primarily sensory or motor or both

Back 32

simple partial seizures

Front 33

partial seizures restricted to the temporal lobes involving compulsive, repetitive, simple behaviors (automatisms)

Back 33

complex partial seizures

Front 34

seizures that involves the entire brain

Back 34

generalized seizure

Front 35

generalized seizure resulting in loss of consciousness, loss of equilibrium, violent tonic-clonic convulsion

Back 35

grand mal seizure

Front 36

shortage of oxygen to the brain

Back 36

hypoxia

Front 37

generalized seizure with disruption of consciousness, cessation of ongoing behavior, vacant look, fluttering eyelids

Back 37

petit mal seizure

Front 38

movement disorder of middle and old age; most common symptoms are a tremor that is pronounced during inactivity but not during voluntary movement or sleep, muscular rigidity, difficulty initiating movement, slow movement, and a mask-like face

Back 38

Parkinson's disease

Front 39

severe degeneration of ___ associated with Parkinson's disease

Back 39

substantia nigra

Front 40

progressive motor disorder of middle and old age that is rare, has a strong genetic basis, and is associated with severe dementia

Back 40

Huntington's disease

Front 41

progressive disease that attacks the myelin of axons in the CNS

Back 41

multiple sclerosis

Front 42

most common cause of dementia; a progressive disease characterized by decline in memory; neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques seen in brain at autopsy

Back 42

Alzheimer's disease