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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Brain uses energy for...
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1. Biosynthesis of diverse molecules
2. Operation of various molecular pumps on the cell membrane 3. Operation of various intracellular transport systems |
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Wernicke encephalopathy
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(acute thiamine deficiency)
1. gait imbalance 2. altered mentation 3. nystagmus |
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Korsakoff Syndrome
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(chronic starvation)
1. psychosis 2. disorientation as to time, place, situation 3. amnesia- especially inability to establish new memories 4. confabulation |
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Hydrolysis Equation
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ATP--> ADP + Pi + "work"
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ATP is synthesized...
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in the mitochondria through the oxidation of glucose
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 38ADP + 38 Pi ----> 6H2O + 6 CO2 + 38 ATP |
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How does the brain store energy
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No energy supplies are stored in the form of fats or carbohydrates.
Its only stores consist of ATP molecules |
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Insulin shock
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a sudden loss of consciousness due to sudden lowering of blood glucose level after taking insulin
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glucose*
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The brain is highly dependent on a steady supply of glucose as well as oxygen.
Under conditions of privation, the brain is the best protected organ; it has a powerful glucose transport system that sequesters all the glucose it needs |
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thiamine
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Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Thiamine B1 deficiency Wernicke encephalopathy (acute thiamine deficiency) - gait imbalance, altered mentation, nystagmus Korsakoff syndrome (chronic starvation) - psychosis, disorientation as to time, place, situation, amnesia- new memories, confabulation |
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mitochondria
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synthesis of ATP- through the oxidation of glucose
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 38 ADP + 38 Pi ------> 6 H20 + 6 CO2 + 38 ATP |
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confabulation
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A symptom of Korsakoff syndrome
The spontaneous narrative report of events that never happened. It consists of the creation of false memories, perceptions, or beliefs about the self of the environment |
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nystagmus
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Symptom of Wernicke encephalopathy
Involuntary eye movement |
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disorientation
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symptom of Korsakoff syndrome
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ataxia
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lack of coordination of muscle movements
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PET scan
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Positron emission tomography-
positron emitting probes paired with an on-line computer and the principle of tomography O15- a radioactive, unstable isotope of oxygen, with a 2-min half life. With this shorter half life, you can repeat task and do response averaging 2-fluro-2-deoxyglucose: 2-deoxyglucose tagged with F18- a radioactive isotope of fluorine with a 110 min half life than O15 |
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Functional MRI
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combing the functional elegance of PET with the anatomical resolution of MRI
- really only looking at the oxygen |
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Huntingtons disease
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- 1 in 20,000
- Chorea (dyskinesia): involuntary movements occurring at rest - dementia - appears around 35-50 - affects the offspring of a parent with the disease - if the disease did not appear in the offspring, the thread is broken - equal in M & F - autosomal dominant - short arm of chromosome 4 |
