Brain And Behavior: Axons And Neurons.

Front 1

glial cells

Back 1

provide support for neurons.

Front 2

neuron doctrine states that...

Back 2

-brain is composed of independent cells.

-information is transmitted from cell to cell across synapses.

Front 3

what are the four parts of the neuron

Back 3

1. input zone
-recieves information from other cells through dendrites.

2. integration zone (cell body)
-region where inputs are combined and transformed.

3. conduction zone.
-axon leads away from the cell body and transmits the electrical impulse.

4. output zone.
-axon terminals at the end of the axon communicate activity to other cells.

Front 4

golgi staining.

Back 4

fills whole cell/includes details.
-ONLY stains small portion of the cell.

Front 5

flourescent molecule injections

Back 5

-same thing as golgi staining just shorter lived and prettier.

Front 6

nissle stains

Back 6

stains the nucleus of the cell body.
-does this because it is attracted to rna.

Front 7

autoradiography

Back 7

-shows distribution of radioactive chemicals in tissues.
-uses HRP.

Front 8

PET

Back 8

-uses radioactive glucose that is injected into the body
-tracer travels down and is absorbed by an organ.

Front 9

electrocepholalogram (EEG)

Back 9

-tracks/records brain wave patterns.
-remember the peaks, not the length.

Front 10

event-related potentials

Back 10

-voltage fluctuations that are in relation to sensory, motor, or cognitive events.
-reflects brain activity related to a specific event.

Front 11

transcranial magnetic stimulation

Back 11

-huge magnets that interfere with axon sending signals.
-impairs the function of the brain its applied to.

Front 12

antergrade labeling

Back 12

uses radioactive molecules taken up by the cell and then transported to the axon tips.

Front 13

fMRI

Back 13

functional MRI: moving pictures of the brain.

Front 14

how to classify neurons

Back 14

type, size, function.

Front 15

multipolar neurons

Back 15

has one axon, many dendrites
-this is the most common type of neuron.

Front 16

bipolar neuron

Back 16

one axon, one dendrite.
-used in the visual system.

Front 17

monopolar neurons

Back 17

single extension branches in two directions, forming a receptive pole and an output zone.

Front 18

motoneurons

Back 18

stimulates muscles or glands.
-these are motor neurons.

Front 19

sensory neurons

Back 19

respond to environmental stimuli such as light, odor, and touch.

Front 20

interneurons

Back 20

receive input from and send input to other neurons.

Front 21

astrocytes

Back 21

star shaped glial cells with many processes that receive neuronal input and monitor activity.

Front 22

microglial cells

Back 22

small cells that remove debris from injured cells.

Front 23

oligodendrocytes

Back 23

glial cells that form myelin sheath in the brain and spinal cord.

Front 24

schwann cells

Back 24

provide myelin to cells outside the brain and spinal cord.

Front 25

edema

Back 25

swelling

-this is how glial cells respond to injury and are also susceptible to tumors.

Front 26

dendritic spines

Back 26

studded on the dendrites and increase surface area.

Front 27

innervate

Back 27

to supply with nerves.

Front 28

axon collateral

Back 28

a branch of an axon that also ends in terminals and innervates other cells