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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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HINDBRAIN (3)
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comprised of the medulla, pons, and cerebellum
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MEDULLA
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coordinates swallowing, coughing, sneezing, breathing, heartbeat, and BP
damage is often fatal |
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PONS
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connects 2 halves of cerebellum
helps integration of movements to right and left sides |
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CEREBELLUM
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(little brain) important for balance and posture.
works with basal ganglia & motor cortex to coordinate refined motor movements implicated in sensorimotor learning and ability to shift one stimulus to another SMALLER THAN NORMAL HAS BEEN LINKED TO AUTISM |
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DAMAGE TO CEREBELLUM
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ataxia: slurred speech, severe tremors and loss of balance
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MIDBRAIN
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reticular formation: extends from spinal cord thru hindbrain and midbrain into hypothalamus. incl. respiration, coughing,vomiting, posture, locomation and REM sleep
DAMAGE: disrupts sleep-wake cycle and can produce permanent coma-like state of sleep. |
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RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM
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vital to consciousness, arousal, and wakefulness.
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FOREBRAIN (2)
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diencephalon & telencephalon
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DIENCEPHALON (2)
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thalamus & hypothalamus
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TELENCEPHALON(3)
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basal ganglia, limbic system, cerebral cortex
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THALAMUS
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relay station, transmits incoming snesory info to areas of cortex for all senses except olfactory (which goes to amygdala directly)
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FUNCTIONS OF THALAMUS
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relay station, motor activity, language, & memory
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WERNICKE-KORSAKOFF SYNDROME
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atrophy of neurons in thalamus & hypothalamus. caused by thiamine deficiency as result of alcoholism. severe anterograde amnesia, retrograde amensia, and confabulation.
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ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA
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new events not stored in long term memory, can't recall new events, but can recall past
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RETROGRADE AMNESIA
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can recall new events, but can't recall sections of the past.
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CONFABULATION
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creating memories to replace one that a person can't retrieve
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FUNCTIONS OF HYPOTHALAMUS
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one of smallest brain structures but vital to hunger, thirst, sex, sleep, body temp, movement and emotional rxs. monitors body's internal states
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DAMAGE TO HYPOTHALAMUS
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can cause uncontrollable laughter, intense rage, aggression.
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SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS
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located in hypothalamus and mediates sleep-wake cycle and circadian rythms. may be involved with SAD
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BASAL GANGLIA
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incl. caudate nucleus, ptamen, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra
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FUNCTION BASAL GANGLIA
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planning, organizing, coodinating vountary movement
and regulating amplitude and direction of motor activity, sensorimotor learning, smiling when happy, frowning when sad, runing when afraid. |
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DISORDERS OF BASAL GANGLIA
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Huntington's, Parkinson's, Tourette's, mania, depression, OCD, psychosis
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PARTS OF LIMBIC SYSTEM (4)
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amygdala, septum, cingulate gyrus, hippocampus
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FUNCTION OF LIMBIC SYSTEM
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mediation of emotional
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AMYGDALA
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integrates, coodinates, directs motivational and emotional states. attaches emotions to memories, involved in recall of emotionally charged experiences.
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KLUVER-BUCY SYNDROME
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1st described in monkeys. results in docile behavior, apathy, hyperphagia (overeating)hypersexuality, & agnosias ( an inability to recognize the significance or meaning of events or objects
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FUNCTION OF SEPTUM
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exerts inhibitory effect on emotions
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SEPTAL RAGE
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lesions on the septum increase heightened emotional states and vicious behaviors
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FUNCTION OF CINGULATE GYRUS
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satisfaction center, responsible for feelings of satisfaction re: eating, sex, and pain response. removal of parts of this results in alleviating or reducing intense, chronic pain
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FUNCTION OF HIPPOCAMPUS
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ass/w learning and memory. processes spatial, visual, verbal information, and converting short term memory to long term.
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REMOVAL OF HIPPOCAMPUS
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to tx. severe epilepsy. anterograde and retrograde amnesia for events up to 3 yrs prior to surgery
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