Brain Anatomy

Front 1

AKA the sylvian fissure, it separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

Back 1

Lateral central fissure

Front 2

Separates the two hemispheres

Back 2

longitudinal fissure

Front 3

separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

Back 3

central sulcus

Front 4

6 paired hemispheres consist of?

Back 4

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insular, and limbic

Front 5

primary motor cortex for voluntary muscle activation

Back 5

precentral gyrus

Front 6

controls emotions and judgements

Back 6

prefrontal cortex

Front 7

controls motor aspects of speech

Back 7

broca's area

Front 8

primary sensory cortex for integration of sensation

Back 8

postcentral gyrus

Front 9

this lobe recieves fibers conveying touch, proprioceptive, pain, and temperature sensation for the opposite side of the body

Back 9

parietal lobe

Front 10

contains the primary auditory cortex, associative auditory cortex, and Wernicke's area

Back 10

temporal lobe

Front 11

area responsible for language comprehension

Back 11

Wernicke's area

Front 12

contains the primary visual and visual association cortices

Back 12

occipital lobe

Front 13

Deep within the lateral sulcus, associated with visceral functions

Back 13

insula

Front 14

consist of the limbic lobe, hippocampal formation, amygdaloid nucleus, hypothalamus, and anterior nucleus of the thalamus

Back 14

limbic system

Hint 14

phylogenetically the oldest part of the brain, concerned with instincts and emotions
basic functions include: feeding, aggression, emotions, and endocrine aspects of sexual response

Front 15

interconnect the two hemispheres, including the corpus callosum (largest), anterior commissure, and hippocampal commissure

Back 15

transverse fibers

Front 16

connect cerebral hemispheres with other portions of the brain and spinal cord

Back 16

projection fibers

Front 17

the basal ganglia consist of masses of gray matter deep within the cerebral hemispheres, including the?

Back 17

corpus striatum (caudate and lenticular nuclei), amygdaloid nucleus, and claustrum. the lenticular nuclei are further subdivided into the putamen and globus pallidus

Front 18

originates in frontal and supplementary motor eye fields; projects to the caudate; functions with saccadic eye movement

Back 18

oculomotor circuit (caudate loop)

Front 19

originates in the precentral motor and postcentral somatosensory areas: projects to the putamen: functions to scale amplitude and velocity of movements; reinforces selected pattern, suppresses conflicting patterns; preparatory for movement

Back 19

skeletomotor circuit (putamen loop)

Front 20

originates in the prefrontal and limbic areas of cortex; to BG; to prefrontal cortex; functions to organize behaviors (executive functions, problem solving, motivation)

Back 20

limbic circuit

Front 21

integrates and relays sensory information from the body, face, retina, cochlea, and taste receptors to cerebral cortex and subcortical regions; smell is the exception

Back 21

thalamus

Front 22

involved in control of several functional pathways for sensory, motor, and reticular function

Back 22

subthalamus

Front 23

integrates and controls the functions of the autonomic nervous system and the neuroendocrine system; maintains body homeostasis: body temperature, eating, water balance, ant. pituitary function/sexual behavior and emotion

Back 23

hypothalamus

Front 24

contains cerebral peduncles (two lateral halves), each divided into an anterior part or basis (crus cerebri and substantia nigra) and a posterior part (tegmentum)

Back 24

midbrain

Front 25

contains all ascending tracts and some descending tracts; the red nucleus; cranial nerve nuclei: occulomotor and trochlear

Back 25

tegmentum of the midbrain

Front 26

the -------------- recieves fibers from the cerebellum; is the origin of the rubrospinal tract, important for coordination

Back 26

red nucleus (in the midbrain tegmentum)

Front 27

is a large motor nucleus in the midbrain connecting the basal ganglia and cortex; it is important for in motor control and muscle tone; think dopamine

Back 27

substantia nigra

Front 28

is an important relay station in the midbrain for vision and visual reflexes

Back 28

superior colliculus

Front 29

is an important relay station in the midbrain for hearing and auditory reflexes

Back 29

inferior colliculus

Front 30

contains endorphin producing cells (important for the suppression of pain) and descending autonomic tracts

Back 30

periaqueductal gray

Front 31

this connects the medulla oblongata to the midbrain, allowing passage of important ascending and descending tracts

Back 31

pons

Front 32

the anterior basal part of this acts as a bridge to the cerebellum (middle cerebellar peduncle)

Back 32

pons

Front 33

these project widely in the pons and are important for modulating pain and controlling arousal

Back 33

midline raphe nuclei

Front 34

the pons --------------------- contains several important cranial nerve nuclei: abducens, trigeminal, facial, and vestibulococlear

Back 34

tegementum

Front 35

connects the spinal cord with the pons; contains relay nuclei of dorsal colums (gracilis and cuneatus); fibers cross to give rise to the medial lemniscus

Back 35

medulla oblongata

Front 36

relays dorsal spinocerebellar tracts to the cerebellum

Back 36

inferior cerebellar peduncle

Front 37

arises from vestibular nuclei and extends throughout brainstem and upper cervical spinal cord; important for control of head movements and gaze stabilization (VOR)

Back 37

medial longitudinal fasciculus

Front 38

connects cerebellum to brainstem and is important for voluntary movement control

Back 38

olivary nuclear complex

Front 39

contains several important cranial nerve nuclei; hypoglossal, dorsal nucleaus of vagus, and vestibulocochlear

Back 39

medulla oblongata

Front 40

contains important centers for vital function: cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor centers

Back 40

medulla oblongata

Front 41

located behind the dorsal pons and medulla in the posterior fossa

Back 41

cerebellum

Front 42

name the three cerebellar peduncles

Back 42

superior, middle, and inferior

Front 43

comprises of two hemispheres and midline vermis; has a cerebellar cortex, and four paired nuclei

Back 43

cerebellum

Front 44

the -------------- connects the vestibular system and is concerned with equilibrium and regulation of muscle tone; helps coordinate VOR

Back 44

archicerebellum (aka flocculonodular lobe)

Front 45

recieves input from proprioceptive pathways and is concerned with modifying muscle tone and synergistic action of muscles; important in the maintainence of posture and voluntary movement control

Back 45

paleocerebellum (aka spinocerebellum)

Front 46

concerned with smooth coordination of voluntary movements; ensures accurate force, direction, and extent of movement. important for motor learning, sequencing of movements, and visually triggered movements. may have a role in assisting cognitive function and mental imagery.

Back 46

neocerebellum (aka the pontocerebellum)