Brain

Front 1

Cerebrum

Back 1

-80% total brain weight
-2 halves; R and L Cerebral Hemispheres ( connected by Corpus callosum )
- basal nuclei located in inner core
- outer surface- convoluted cerebral cortex
+ most complex/sophisticated integrating area

Front 2

Cerebral Cortex

Back 2

- 6 layers
- thin outer gray matter
- thick core of white matter
- each half cortex divided into 4 major lobes; occipital, temporal, parietal, frontal

Front 3

Occipital lobe

Back 3

carries out initial processing of visual input

Front 4

Temporal lobe

Back 4

initial reception of auditory sensation

Front 5

Parietal lobe

Back 5

-recieve and process sensory input
-somatosensory processing

Front 6

Frontal lobe

Back 6

3 main functions:
- voluntary motor activity
- speaking ability
- elaboration of thought

Front 7

C. Cortex

Primary motor cortex

Back 7

- located in frontal lobe
- voluntary control of movement (by skeletal muscle)

Front 8

C. Cortex

Somatosensory cortex

Back 8

- located in parietal lobe behind central sulcus
- processes somatosensory (primarily discriminative touch, pain/temp) info
- input first processed thru thalamus
- complex relationship bt sensory inputs are processed

Front 9

C. Cortex

Supplemental motor area

Back 9

- plays preparatory role in programming complex sequence of movement
-ex. opening or closing hand

Front 10

C. Cortex

Premotor cortex

Back 10

- role in guiding body orientation toward specific target

Front 11

C. Cortex

Posterior parietal cortex

Back 11

- posterior to primary somatosensory cortex
- damage to either area=> Cannot process complex sensory info --> Cannot accomplish purposeful movement
-ex. manipulating eating utensils

Front 12

Broca's

Back 12

governs speaking ability

Front 13

Wernicke's

Back 13

- responsible for formulating patterns of speech

-language comprehension

Front 14

Dyslexia

Back 14

inappropriate interpretation of words

Front 15

Cortical pathway for vocalizing written words or visual objects

Back 15

- visual info from v.ctx to assoc. ctx
- assoc. ctx to Wernicke's for word selection
-Wernicke's to Broca's for motor voice command
-Broca's to p. motor ctx for actual execution
-VVAWBP ???

Front 16

Left cerebral hemisphere

Back 16

- process info in fine-detail way

-dominance=> "thinkers"

- logical, analytic, sequential , and verbal tasks.
Ex) math, language forms, philosophy

Front 17

Right cerebral hemisphere

Back 17

-dominance=> " creators"

- nonlanguage skills, spatial perception, art/music talents

- view in big picture/ holistic way

Front 18

Basal nuclei/ganglia

Back 18

-consists of several masses of gray matter located deep w/in white matter
- modifies ongoing activity in motor pathways

PRIMARY FUNCTIONS
-inhibitory role in motor control
-select/supprress wanted/unwanted movement
- help monitor/coordinate slow, sustained contractions esp. posture and support

Front 19

Thalamus

Back 19

-positively reinforces voluntary motor behavior initiated by cortex
- part of diencephalon
-relay station and synaptic integrating center for processing sensory input on its way to c. cortex
-able to direct attent to stim of interest ( along with brain stem and cortical association areas)

- crude awareness of various types of sensation, cant distinguish location or intensity

Front 20

Hypothalamus

Back 20

- major ANS coordinating center
- plays role in emotional and behavioral patterns
- participates in sleep- wake cycle

- area most involved in directly regulating internal environment
FUNCTIONS
- body temp
- thirst, urine, food intake

- CONTROLS anterior pituitary hormone secretion
- PRODUCES posterior pituitary hormones

- uterine contraction, milk ejection

Front 21

Limbic System

Back 21

-important role in motivation and learning


- ring of forebrain structures that surround the brain stem
- responsible for emotion, basic innate behavior for perpetuation of species and survival

Front 22

Retrograde amnesia

Back 22

-has memory of events AFTER injury

(forget memories prior to injury)

Front 23

Anterograde amnesia

Back 23

- has memory of events BEFORE injury

(forget memories following injury)

Front 24

Hippocampal memory

Back 24

Delcarative memory- facts, things, places

Front 25

Cerebellar memory

Back 25

Procedural memory- espec in relation to learned, complex motor commands

Front 26

Prefrontal Cortex

Back 26

Working memory assoc with complex planning and executive function

Front 27

Cerebellum

Back 27

- balance, planning/executing voluntary movement

- 3 diff parts;
+Vestibulocerebellum
+Spinocerebellum
+Cerebrocerebellum

Front 28

Lesions

Back 28

- poor balance, reduced muscle tone

- nystagmus (oscillatory eye movements)

- Intention tremor
- Resting tremor

Front 29

Vestibulocerebellum

Back 29

-maintaining balance and controls eye movements

Front 30

Spinocerebellum

Back 30

- enhances muscle tone
-coordinates skilled, voluntary movements

Front 31

Cerebrocerebellum

Back 31

-planning/initiating voluntary activity by providing input to cortical motor areas
-stores procedural memories

Front 32

Brain Stem

Back 32

-regulate muscle reflex involved in equilibrium and posture
-contain centers that govern sleep (center promoting slow-wave sleep lies in hypothalamus)

-contains reticular formation, which receives/intergrates all incoming sensory synaptic input

- oldest region of brain
- medulla, pons, midbrain
- where most cranial nerves arise

- contain neuronal clusters that control heart and blood vessel function, respiration, and many digestive functions

Front 33

Cranial nerve name mnemonic

Back 33

on old olympus's towering top a fat assed german viewed some hippos

Front 34

Cranial nerve type mnemonic

Back 34

some say marry money, but my brother says big booties matter more

Front 35

Intention tumor

Back 35

inability to coordinate/execute smooth movements

Front 36

Resting tumor

Back 36

Parkinson's disease- lesion of Basal Ganglia