Brady Paramedic Care Third Ed. Volume 3 Ch 2

Front 1

Name factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Back 1

Smoking
Older age
Family History
HTN
High cholesterol
Diabetes
Drug Use
Male
Lack of Exercise

Front 2

Factors that increase coronary heart disease

Back 2

Diet
Obesity
Oral contraceptives
Type A personality
Psychosocial Tension

Front 3

Cardiovascular systems two major components

Back 3

Heart and the peripheral blood vessels

Front 4

where is the heart located?

Back 4

mediastinum, anterior to the spine and posterior to the sternum

Front 5

What is the bottom of the heart called?

Back 5

Apex

Front 6

What is the top of the heart called?

Back 6

Base

Front 7

Three tissue layers of the heart

Back 7

endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium

Front 8

innermost layer

Back 8

endocardium

Front 9

thick middle layer

Back 9

myocardium

Front 10

protective sac protecting the heart

Back 10

Pericardium

Front 11

inner layer of the pericardium

Back 11

visceral, or epicardium

Front 12

outer layer of the pericardium

Back 12

parietal pericardium

Front 13

4 chambers of the heart

Back 13

2 Atria - superior receive incoming blood

2 Ventricles larger then atria pump blood out of the heart

Front 14

right and left atria are seperated by

Back 14

interatrial septum

Front 15

right and left ventricles are separated by

Back 15

interventricular septum

Front 16

valves that control blood flow between atria and ventricles

Back 16

atrioventricular valves

Front 17

right atrioventricular valve

Back 17

tricuspid valve

Front 18

left atrioventricular valve

Back 18

mitral valve

Front 19

semilunar valve

Back 19

regulate blood flow between the ventricles and the arteries

Front 20

connects the left ventricle to the aorta

Back 20

left semilunar valve

Front 21

connects right ventricle to the pulmonary artery

Back 21

right semilunar valve, or pulmonary valve

Front 22

describe blood flow

Back 22

superior and inferior vena cavae > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right venticle > pulmonary artery > lung > left atrium > mitral valve > left ventricle > aortic valve > aorta > Body

Front 23

quick note

Back 23

The pulmonary artery is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood.

The pulmonary veins are the only veins in the body that carry oxygenated blood.

Front 24

where does the heart receive its nutrients from?

Back 24

coronary arteries

Front 25

when do the coronary vessels receive blood?

Back 25

during diastole when the heart relaxes because the aortic valve leaflets cover the coronary artery openings during systole, when the heart contracts.

Front 26

communication between two or more vessels

Back 26

anastomosis

Front 27

provides an alternative path for blood flow in case of blockage in the system

Back 27

collateral circulation

Front 28

a law of physiology stating that blood flow through a vessel is directly proportional to the radius of the vessel to the fourth power

Back 28

Poiseuille's law

Front 29

vessels of the arterial system

Back 29

arteries, arterioles, capillaries

Front 30

vessels of the venous system

Back 30

capillaries, venules, veins

Front 31

the period of time from the end of one cardiac contraction to the next

Back 31

cardiac cycle

Front 32

the period of time when the myocardium is relaxed and cardiac filling and coronary perfusion occur

Back 32

disatole

Front 33

the period of the cardiac cycle when the myocardium is contracting

Back 33

systole

Front 34

ratio of blood pumped from the ventricle to the amount remaining at the end of diastole

Back 34

ejection fraction

Front 35

the amount of blood ejected by the heart in one cardiac contraction

Back 35

stroke volume

Front 36

the pressure within the ventricles at the end of diastole; commonly the end-diastole volume

Back 36

preload

Front 37

law of physiology stating that the more the myocardium is stretched, up to a certain amount, the more forceful the subsequent contraction

Back 37

starling law of the heart

Front 38

the resistance against which the heart pumps

Back 38

afterload

Front 39

cardiac output

Back 39

stroke volume x heart rate = cardiac output

measured in one minute

Front 40

chronotrophy

Back 40

pertaining to heart rate

Front 41

a reversal of charges at a cell membrane so that the inside of the cell becomes positive in realtion to the outside; the opposite of the cells's resting state in which the inside of the cell is negative in relation to the outside.

Back 41

cardiac depolarization

Front 42

the normal electrical state of cardiac cells

Back 42

resting potential

Front 43

the stimulation of myocardial cells as evidenced by a change in the membrane electrical charge, that subsequently spreads across the myocardium.

Back 43

action potential

Front 44

return of a muscle to its preexcitation resting state

Back 44

repolarization

Front 45

ability of the cells to respond to an electrical stimulus

Back 45

excitability

Front 46

ability of the cells to propagate the electrical impulse from one cell to another

Back 46

conductivity

Front 47

pacemaker cells capability of self-depolarization

Back 47

automaticity

Front 48

ability of muscle cells to contract or shorten

Back 48

contractility

Front 49

SA node

Back 49

60-100 beats per min

Front 50

AV node

Back 50

40-60 beats per min

Front 51

Purkinje system

Back 51

15-40

Front 52

deflection on the ECG produced by factors other than the hearts electrical activity

Back 52

Artifact

Front 53

electrocardiogram leads applied to the arms and legs that contain two elctrodes of opposite polarity; leads I, II, and III

Back 53

bipolar limb leads

Front 54

the triangle around the heart formed by the bipolar limb leads

Back 54

Einthoven's triangle