• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/157

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

157 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
When should forcible entry NOT be applied?
When normal means of access are readily available.

(p. 395)
What is the cardinal rule when approaching doors and windows?
Try before you pry!

(p. 396)
What might you find near the entrance of a structure (especially in industrial settings) that might give you easy access to the building?
A lockbox

(p. 396)
What are the four main categories of forcible entry tools?
Cutting tools

Prying tools

Pushing/pulling tools

Striking tools

(p.397)
What cutting tool will safely and efficiently cut all materials?
Trick question, no such thing exists.

(p. 397)
What is the most common cutting tool used by firefighters?
The axe

(p. 397)
What are the two main categories of fire axe?
Flat headed axe and pick head axe.

(p. 398)
What does a fire axe head weigh?
Either six pounds or eight pounds.

(p.398)
What two materials are fire axe handles made from?
Wood and fiberglass.

(p.398)
What type of axe is most commonly used in firefighting operations?
The pick head axe (p. 398)
What advantage does a flat head axe have over a pick head axe?
It can be combined with a striking tool to wedge doors and windows open.

(p. 398)
What makes up a set of "irons?"
A flat head axe and a halligan bar.

(p. 398)
Are bolt cutters designed to cut through power lines?
Nope.

(p. 398)
What are bolt cutters designed to cut through?
Bolts, iron bars, pins, cables, gasps, chains, and some padlock shackles.
Can bolt cutters be used to cut case-hardened metals?
No.
Which tool is a hydraulic tool useful for cutting metal bars and rebar?
Rebar cutters

(p. 398)
What types of torches are 'commonly' used by firefighters?
Oxyacetylene
Oxygasoline
Burning bars
Plasma cutters
Cutting flares

(p. 398)
What temperature does an oxyacetylene torch reach?
5700 degrees F

(p. 399)
What is acetylene's flammability range?
2.5 to 81 percent in air

(p. 399)
What substances are found in an acetylene cylinder?
Acetylene
Calcium silicate
Liquid acetone

(p.399)
Why are oxyacetylene torches dangerous?
Because acetylene is unstable, and is both pressure and shock sensitive (p. 399)
What is a common alternative to acetylene that is less prone to explosive decomposition and less pressure-sensitive?
Methylacteylene-propadiene, stabilized (MAPP and APACHE)

(p. 400)
What are the main advantages of using an oxygasoline cutting torch?
1) Gasoline is available
2) Gasoline is cheap
3) Gasoline is liquid, thus flame can't travel back up the fuel line

(p.400)
At what temperature does an oxygasoline torch burn?
2,800º F

(p. 400)
What's another word for "burning bars?"
Exothermic cutting rods

(p.400)
At what temperature do burning bars burn?
10,000º F``
Through what can burning bars burn?
Masonry, concrete, metal

(p.400)
At what temperature does a plasma arc cutter operate?
25,000º F

(p. 400)
What is a cutting flare?
A flare that lasts between 15 and 120 seconds, producing temperatures as high as 6800º F

(p. 400)
What are common types of handsaws used by firefighters?
Carpenter's saw, hacksaw, drywall saw, keyhole saw

(p. 401)
What types of power saws are commonly used by firefighters?
Circular saw, rotary saw, reciprocating saw, chain saw, ventilation saw

(p. 401)
What is the difference between a circular saw and a rotary saw in the fire service?
Rotary saws are generally larger and are gasoline-powered (like a K12)

(p. 401)
What are the most common uses of a chainsaw in the fire service?
Clearing debris, limbs and branches, and performing ventilation.

(p. 402)
Name some of the most common prying tools in the fire service (9)
Halligan bar

Crowbar

Pry bar

Hux bar

Claw tool

Kelly tool

Pry axe

Flat bar

Rambar

(p. 402)
What prying tool doesn't require a second striking tool in order to wedge tightly into a door?
Rambar

(p. 404)
What are some hydraulic prying tools that are commonly used in forcible entry?
Hydraulic spreaders

Hydraulic ram

Hydraulic door opener

(p. 404)
Name some pushing/pulling tools used in forcible entry.
Pike pole
Clemens hook
Plaster hook
Drywall hook
San Francisco hook
Multipurpose hook
Roofman's hook
Rubbish hook

(p. 405)
Where should a firefighter be positioned when breaking out a window?
Upwind and at higher elevation.

(p. 406)
Should pushing/pulling tools be used as prying tools?
No, with the exception of the roofman's hook, which is all metal.

(p. 406)
Which tool could be described as a long pole topped with two knifelike wings that depress as the head is driven through a ceiling and reopen under the pressure of internal springs?
Plaster hook

(p. 406)
Name some striking tools commonly used in the fire service
Sledgehammer
Maul
Battering ram
Pick
Flat-head axe
Mallet
Hammer
Punch Chisel

(p. 406/407)
How much does the head of a sledgehammer weigh?
8, 10, or 16 lbs
What piece of PPE is essential when using striking tools... in fact, when using ANY tools that exert great force?
Protective eyewear (in addition to the helmet faceshield.)

(p. 407)
Where must one take great care using hand tools and AVOID using power tools?
Explosive atmospheres.

(p. 407)
What is a "cheater?"
A piece of pipe slipped over the handle of a prying tool in order to lengthen it (not recommended as it can apply forces that the tool cannot handle).

(p. 407)
What are the major hazards presented by rotary saws?
The spinning blade itself

"Gyroscopic" or "Torsion" effect

Flying debris/pieces of the blade

(p. 408)
At what speed do you begin cuts with a rotary or circular saw?
At full speed/full RPM

(p. 408)
List some safety rules for use of power saws.
Match the saw to the task and material

Never force a saw beyond its limitations

Always wear PPE

Fully inspect the saw before and after use

Do not use any power saw in a flammable atmosphere or near flammable liquids

Maintain situational awareness

Keep unprotected and nonessential people out of the work area

Follow the manufacturer's guidelines for proper saw operation

Keep chains and blades sharp

Be aware of hazards like electrical lines, gas lines, water lines

Start all cuts at full RPM

(p. 408)
Where should you never carry an axe?
Over your shoulder

(p. 409)
How do you carry a pick-head axe?
Cradle the blade under the arm with a hand over the pick to cover it.

(p. 409)
How do you carry an axe?
With the blade away from the body

(p. 409)
How do you carry prying tools?
With points and sharp edges away from the body.

(p. 409)
How do you carry pike poles and hooks?
With the tool head down, close to the ground, and ahead of the body when OUTSIDE a structure.

When walking INSIDE, carry the tool with the head upright close to the body to facilitate prompt use.

(p. 410)
How do you carry striking tools?
Head down

(p. 411)
How do you carry power tools?)
Never carry a running tool more than 10 ft.

Start it at the site of use, not before.

(p. 411)
Name some points to remember when maintaining wooden tool handles.
Inspect the handle for cracks/blisters/splinters

Sand the handle if necessary to remove splinters

Wash the handle with mild detergent and rinse, wipe dry

Apply a coat of boiled linseed oil

Check the tightness of the tool head

Limit the amount of surface area covered with paint.

(p. 411)
What should you never do with wood-handled tools?
Soak them in water

Paint or varnish the handles

(p. 411)
What are the three steps in maintaining a fiberglass-handled tool?
Wash the handle with mild detergent, rinse, dry.

Check for damage

Check the tightness of the tool head

(p. 411)
What are the four steps in maintaining cutting edges?
Inspect the edge for chips, cracks, spurs

Replace heads when required

File the edges by hand, do NOT grind

Sharpen blade as specified in departmental SOP.

(p. 411)
What two steps must you take to care for a plated surface?
Inspect for damage

Wipe plated surfaces clean or wash with mild detergent and water.

(p. 412)
What are the four steps in maintaining unprotected metal surfaces?
Keep free of rust

Oil the surface lightly

Do not paint metal surfaces

Inspect for chips, cracks, edges, and file them off.

(p. 412)
What points must you remember when maintaining axe heads?
Do NOT sharpen the axe razor-sharp. It will stick in objects and chip.

Do not paint axe heads, as that hides flaws.

(p. 412)
What points must you remember when maintaining power equipment?
Read and follow manufacturer instructions

Be sure that battery packs are fully charged and ready

Inspect power tools to make sure they start

Check blades for damage/wear

Replace blades that are damaged or worn

Check all electrical components for damage (especially cords)

Ensure that all guards are functional and in place.

Ensure that fuel is fresh

(p. 413)
What are the four functional categories of doors?
Swinging

Sliding

Revolving

Overhead

(p. 413)
When should you break a window?
Only when ordered to do so, since it will change the ventilation profile of the structure

(p. 413)
Maintaining control of the ___ is critical during forcible entry.
Door

(p. 413)
What is the cardinal rule when approaching doors for forcible entry?
Try before you pry!

(p. 413)
If you can see the hinges of a swinging door, does that door open toward you or does it open away from you?
It opens toward you.
Doors at houses and small office buildings usually open _____.
Inward

(p. 413)
Most high-occupancy buildings have doors that open _____.
Outward

(p. 413)
In commercial occupancies, many interior doors are ____ core.
Solid

(p. 414)
What is a "rabbeted jamb?"
Jamb into which a shoulder has been milled to permit the door to close against the provided shoulder.
If a door is a pre-built assembly, it probably has a _____ jamb.
Rabbeted

(p. 414)
What is a potentially easy way to gain easy access to the door latch when dealing with built-on-site doors?
Prying off the doorstop.

(p. 414)
What are the three types of swinging door?
Panel

Slab

Ledge

(p. 414)
What is the most common type of swinging door?
Slab

(p. 414)
What type of door will you find used as an interior door in most modern residences?
Hollow-core slab

(p. 415)
What are the three classifications of metal swinging doors?
Hollow metal

Metal clad

Tubular

(p. 416)
_____ tools are almost always needed in order to breach metal doors.
Power.

(p. 416)
What is a metal-clad door?
A solid wood door with a metal skin

(p. 416)
What is a tubular door?
It's a door constructed of seamless rectangular tube sections, usually with glass panels in the middle. These make up the doors of most commercial buildings.

(p. 416)
What is the difference between a sliding door and a pocket door?
Pocket doors are usually suspended from an overhead track.

(p. 417)
What features are unique to sliding doors?
burglar bars/burglar stops

huge panes of double or triple glazed glass

(p. 417)
What are the three basic types of revolving doors?
Panic-proof

Drop-arm

Metal-braced

(p. 418)
What is almost always the easiest way to force a revolving door?
To force the swinging door next to it.

(p. 418)
How does a panic-proof door operate?
A panic-proof revolving door has a 1/4" cable that holds the door panels in place. If forces push the panels in opposite directions, they will unlatch and collapse.

(p. 419)
How does a drop-arm revolving door work?
The drop-arm door has an arm passing through one of the panels, held in place by a pawl. Find the pawl, press it, disengage the bar and collapse the panel against the next panel. Repeat.

(p. 419)
How does a metal-braced revolving door operate?
A metal-braced revolving door generally has hook and eye assemblies that open when the hook is lifted and disengaged. The pivots are generally cast iron and easily broken.

(p. 419)
What are the four classifications of overhead doors?
Sectional

Tilt-slab

Roll-up

Telescoping

(p. 419)
What is a sectional overhead door?
It's a standard home garage door. It can be latched either at the center or side, and can be locked by padlocks in the track. Often most easily forced by cutting a panel out, going inside, and unlatching or removing locks.

(p. 419)
What are some other terms for tilt-slab doors?
Pivoting doors

Awning doors

(p. 420)
Where are the locking mechanisms on tilt-slab doors almost always located?
On one side or the other

(p. 420)
What unique challenges do tilt-slab doors present?
They can be very heavy

The require several feet of unobstructed space in order to open

(p. 420)
What's another name for a rollup door?
Sheet curtain door

(p. 420)
How are rollup doors usually opened?
Manually

via chain-hoist

via motor

(p. 420)
What is often the best way to force a rollup door?
Finding another door.

(p. 420)
Where will you find telescoping doors?
Larger industrial or institutional settings.

(p. 421)
What is often the best way of forcing any overhead door?
Cutting a large, door-shaped hole in the door using a rotary saw.

(p. 423)
What is a fire door?
A moveable assembly designed to cover doorway openings in rated separation walls in the event of a fire in one part of a building.

(p. 423)
What are some types of standard fire doors?
Horizontal sliding

Vertical sliding

Single swinging

Double swinging

Overhead rolling

(p. 423)
What is a counterbalanced door?
It's a weighted door, usually manually operated, that slides vertically. Usually used on freight elevators -- mounted to the inside of the shaft wall, not the elevator itself.

(p. 423)
What is a self-closing door?
It's a door that always returns automatically to the closed position after opening.

(p. 424)
What is an automatic-closing door?
A door that normally remains open, but closes when a fusible link has melted or when an alarm has been activated.

(p. 424)
Where will you find self-closing fire doors?
Stairway enclosures

Areas where they must be opened and closed infrequently

(p. 424)
Where will you find automatically-closing fire doors?
High-traffic areas

Hallways

(p. 424)
Vertical sliding fire doors are normally _____ but ____ automatically.
Open, close

(p. 425)
Horizontal sliding fire doors close __________.
Automatically.

(p. 425)
What kind of door is usually installed when there is limited floor space, and is mounted on overhead tracks on a fire wall at a slight angle, held up by a fusible link?
A horizontal sliding fire door

(p. 425)
What is possibly the most difficult type of fire door to force?
Overhead rolling fire door.

(p. 425)
What is a danger of fire doors?
They may close and cut off the hoseline, trapping firefighters.

(p. 426)
Are fire doors generally locked?
No, but they are generally weighted and should be propped open if there are hoselines passing through the opening.

(p. 426)
What are the four basic types of locks?
Mortise

Bored (cylindrical)

Rim

Padlock

(p. 426)
What is a mortise lock?
A mortise lock consists of an assembly that fits inside a cavity in the door. Found in residences and commercial areas.

(p. 426)
What is a bored (cylindrical) lock?
A lock installed by boring two holes in the door at right angles. Standard for residential interior doors and many residential exterior doors.

Key-in-knob locks are cylinder locks.

(p. 426)
What is a rim lock?
It's a surface-mounted lock -- identified from the outside by the recessed cylinder. Identified from the inside by a strike mounted on the door frame and a large assembly on the door.

(p. 427)
What are the two types of padlocks?
Standard and heavy-duty

(p. 427)
What is a standard padlock?
A padlock with a shackle of 1/4" or less diameter, not case-hardened.

(p. 427)
What is a heavy-duty padlock?
A padlock with a shackle greater than 1/4" in diameter, made of case-hardened metal.

(p. 427)
What is a security feature unique to some heavy-duty padlocks?
"toe and heel locking"

The shackle won't pivot when one side is cut. Both sides must be cut.

(p. 427)
What is the most common method of non-destructive rapid entry?
Rapid-entry lockboxes

(p. 428)
Define "conventional forcible entry"
Forcible entry using standard fire department tools.

(p. 428)
What's another term for "hydraulic door opener?"
Rabbit tool

(p. 430)
What is a very common two-firefighter tool combination used to force doors open?
Halligan bar and flat head axe (the irons)

(p. 429)
When a swinging door resists prying and has no nearby window, how do you force entry?
You can cut around the lock/latch

(p. 430)
What methods can be used to force outward-swinging doors?
Nail set on the hinges

Break hinges off with halligan or rambar

Cut hinges off with rotary saw

Prying the door away from the keeper

(p. 431)
How do you force a double-swinging door?
Pry the doors apart near the latch

Cut the deadbolt with a rotary saw

(p. 432)
How can you circumvent a drop bar?
1) Pry the doors open a bit, then insert a narrow tool and lift the bar out of its hooks

2) Stick a rotary saw in the gap and cut

3) Cut around the exposed bolt heads, letting the bar fall to the ground

(p. 432)
How do you break a tempered-glass door?
1) Strike the glass at a bottom corner with the pick end of a pick-head axe or a halligan bar

2) Scrape away remnants

(p. 433)
When should a tempered-glass door be broken?
When no other options exist

(p. 433)
What is the preferred method for breaching tempered glass doors?
Through-the-lock method

(p. 433)
Describe some through-the-lock forcible entry techniques
1) If there's no collar on the cylinder, unscrew it.

2) use a K-tool

3) use an A-tool

4) use a J-tool

5) use a shove knife

(p. 435)
What tool is best suited for opening double-swinging doors equipped with panic hardware?
J-tool

(p. 435)
What is a shove knife?
It resembles a putty knife with a notch cut in it -- used to depress the latch of a lock, much like a butterknife or a credit card.

(p. 435)
List some tools used specifically to break padlocks.
Duck-billed lockbreaker

Hammerheaded pick

Lock pliers and chain

Hockey puck lock breaker

Bam Bam tool

(p. 436)
What tools are most appropriate for heavy-duty, case-hardened padlocks?
Duck-billed lock breaker

Bam-bam tool

(p. 437)
How do you go about cutting a padlock with a saw?
Have one firefighter hold the padlock with a locking pliers on a chain, have another cut with the rotary saw

(p. 438)
What is the fastest way to cut a chain-link fence?
Cut using a rotary saw near a fencepost.

(p. 438)
What is a danger unique to barbed wire and razor wire?
Rapid recoil of wires

(p. 438)
What type of ladder is appropriate for fence breaching?
A-frame ladder

(p. 438)
Why is breaching windows dangerous?
It changes the ventilation profile of the house and can disrupt ventilation efforts

There is sharp glass everywhere.

(p. 439)
What is a double-hung window?
Probably the most common window in home construction. When breaching via double-hung window, make sure to remove all remnants and pull both sashes out.

(p. 440)
What is a casement window?
It's a "crank-out" window.

Difficult to force! Try another route.

(p. 441)
What are projected windows?
Factory windows.

Usually metal sashes, often with wire glass. They can be projected-in, projected-out, or pivoted projected.

Very difficult to enter!

Consider a rotary saw to cut around the frame and make a larger opening.

(p. 441)

(p. 441)
What are awning windows?
Windows made up of multiple long panes with a hinge along the top edge.

(p. 442)
What are jalousie/louvered windows?
Windows made up of small sections about 4" high, opened with a crank and gear housing located at the bottom of the window.

Consider cutting around the window instead.

(p. 442)
Name some other common window types
Hopper window -- basically an awning with hinges on the bottom

Tilt-turn -- tilts out for ventilation

Slider/gliding window -- like a sliding door

Picture window -- big pane of glass!

(p. 442)
How do you breach lexan windows?
Try avoiding that. If necessary, use a carbide-tipped rotary saw blade. Horizontal cuts first, then vertical cuts.

(p. 443)
How can you breach barred windows?
Use a rotary saw

Shear off the bolts with a halligan

Cut the bar assembly or attachments with a rebar cutter.

(p. 444)
What are the major dangers of breaching walls?
Breaching a load-bearing wall

Hitting plumbing/electrical

(p. 445)
What type of gypsum walls can be particularly problematic?
Reinforced (lexan) gypsum walls. They can only be detected by preplanning and require power tools.

(p. 446)
How can you breach masonry?
Battering ram

Saws with masonry blades

Jackhammers (really?)

Penetrating nozzles

(p. 446)

(p. 446)
What is found in concrete walls that make breaching really difficult?
Rebar

(p. 448)
How do you breach light-gauge metal walls?
However you like.

Saws and air chisels are popular.

(p. 448)
What is a unique danger presented by metal walls?
They produce sparks when cut, so flammable materials and atmospheres can become extremely dangerous. Always have a hoseline ready!

(p. 449)
Describe a standard wooden floor.
Joists 12-24" apart.

Subfloor

Planks on top, perpendicular to joists.

(p. 449)
What must you do before cutting a floor?
Remove carpets and rugs.

Size it up!

(p. 450)
What is the easiest way to breach a concrete floor?
A pneumatic jackhammer

(p. 450)